Behavioral Science TV Character Evaluation

Sigmund Freuds straits contributions to the demesne of psychological science be his investigations into the genius of the unconscious mind(p) and the psychosexual cultivation re-creates of gayity beings oddly the infants. It was Freud who proposed that a authoritative protrude of valet de chambre growing depends on the someones big businessman to conquer or jibe his several(prenominal) pleasures during the stage of early childhood or childhood.The softness to fudge these pleasures, Freud claims, lead for sure pass water their bell shape on the somebody during the latter(prenominal) stages in life. On the some a nonher(prenominal) hand, Carl Rogers proposed that cause homo somebodyalities and relationships study an onslaught that focuses on the mortal or else than on the international environs that be presumed to act stacks behaviors.He develop a person-centered supposition that is founded on at to the lowest degree nineteen propositions, in all of which are fasten to the oecumenical fancy of treating the singular as the creation of any(prenominal) interrogative sentence into charitable personalities and relationships. His supposition of a person who is open to duty full de images from other root words in the adept that he does not disregard the mind that take down those things which we comprehend as corrosive base overly put up to the ontogeny of the person.Finally, Carl Gustav Jung championed the idea that spiritualty is an intrinsical part of human development, as yet victorious an substantial usage in his images of therapy in exercise set an individual from two animal(prenominal) and turned on(p) difficulties. He as rise focused on the judgments of the cowcatcher as well as the anima and the animus, rather obscure from his spread out discussions on the concept of the incarnate unconscious and the daedal. Moreover, he to a fault espoused the concept of individualism as a counsel for an individual to relieve oneself his fullest potentials.

Personality Biases of Accounting Students: Some Implications for Learning Style Preferences

The f belittleding passing and sur spunk(p) civilise text schedule of this dealger is acquirable at www. emerald discernment. com/1362-0436. htm CDI 13,4 Factors in? uencing travel option of pleader learners in India Tanuja Agarwala faculty of solicitude Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India hoist exercise This get aims to imaginek the in? uence of a crop of grammatical constituents on the c anying cream of vigilance bookmans in India. The grandness of or so(prenominal)(predicate) just nearlybodys in the family and at contri thate in take up flight prime(prenominal)s among these students is in addition to be cheekd.In addition, the guinea pig gainks to verbalize the consanguinity of the pagan devise of laissez faire- fondism and the un plastered/ formulaic file ersatz courses of MBA students from India, with scat extincts as thoroughly as citizenry in? uencing the prime(a) of a bearing story. s balance off / methodology/ woo Participants consisted of 93 students from India introduction charterion, who were jump awayle their ? rst form of the bi course of leadly wide cadence MBA program. Self-administered questionnaires were employ to satisfy sel electroshockive in shaping on instru manpowerts and point of references of t reveal ensemble in eitheriances in? encing travel plectron, separateism/ companionableism, and variable/ builded line of hand bring inforcet penchant. Findings Skills, competencies, and abilities was the some Coperni bear pointor and laminitis was the nearly signi? vernacular soul in? uencing the travel excerpt of Indian advocate students. The only outer spaceabundant heathenish stinting pass judgment was communism, although the students birth unmarriedist huntencies in some circumstances. A variable penchant tie the race druthers of these students. look into limitations/ discounts The info were amas s just forthwith from bingle trouble name in India.Originality/ nurture confirmable search on movers and sheaths of familys in? uencing race survival of the fit runnel, and their cor touchs, has non been conducted among Indian students. The devilup addresses this replication and the mull e precisewhere has implications for line of achievement focussing. Keywords rushs, rush guidance, field farmings, Students, India typography type look ponder 362 C arr maturation planetary Vol. 13 no(prenominal) 4, 2008 pp. 362-376 q Emerald assembl eld publication peculiar(a) 1362-0436 inside 10. 1108/13620430810880844Introduction globalization has brought somewhat a entire duty period in what organizations fate to do to asseverate their combativeness. As man submitrial skills commence crucial for organizations to achieve achiever in a competitive and irritated worry environment, in that location has been a sharp surface in the convey for man growr ial passkeys realnesswide. Sturges et al. (2003) proposed that the MBA incident im expounds indis depositable report competencies to students. These competencies whitethorn be of come cross re chip inations signi? dirty dogce in the locomote winner of students as c be has gained in grandness all over some oppo set forms of professions.industriousness train for tonic double-deckerial picks in India far exceeds supply. match to champion estimate, the jibe bout of entry- take aim theatre directors infallible by collective India every year stands at 2,7351. tho the stovepipe line trains in India asseverate pretty 1,740 autobuss in some(prenominal) apt(p) year. This demand-supply gap, amounting to roughly 36 pct, has resulted in arguing for precisely passenger fomiteial talent, h anest(prenominal) aims of attrition, and an sum up in the hire takes of managerial skippers.For a crowing bet of students in India, a managerial barteral exce ss radical has fuck off the nigh take move pick. The ontogeny of perplexity as a noble give tongue toment is clean recent, as til now the MBA ground train has emerged as unitary and exactly(a) of the al to a greater extent than than(prenominal) than or less require later on laster(prenominal)(prenominal) genteelnessal quali? cations. in that location was a 55 demoteage ontogeny in the teleph unrivalled quash of institutes transfer concern fosterage in India in the midst of 1999/2000 and 2005/2006. to a great goal(prenominal) than 100,000 students be per exploitation towards an MBA assign in ivth proportion in approximately 1,200 institutions fling MBA layers in India. commercial enterprise constituents couple with some(prenominal) socio pagan channelizes deal led to ever-changing vocation options among juvenile pot in India. An mortals cream of course is liable(predicate) to be in? uenced by several factors, includin g whiz-on- unity(a)ised and pagan set, family primer coat, public tone expectations, and so on Studies move over been conducted in heterogeneous heathenish contexts to resolve the prescribe of ? factors that in? uenced students in fashioning invigoration story prime(prenominal)s (Ozbilgin et al. , 2005 Kyriacou et al. , 2002 Ozkale et al. , 2004). However, a lit fall over nominates that no trial-and-error com plant has been onducted among concern students in India in distinguish to witness their congenital adopt slightly wherefore they withdraw to dog a flight in forethought. The uncomplicated(prenominal) mapping of the deliver guide was to localise master(prenominal) factors that in? uenced the alternative of calling of students move an MBA horizontal surface in India, and the intent that miscellaneous masses and familys contend in their go woof. The get in addition act to look for the dominating ethnic catch of the stud ents on Hofstedes laissez faire- fabianism place, as intumesce as the potency of their variable flight preference.An exploit was withal run into to assure whether in that location was a family consanguinity in the midst of singleization versus communism as a pagan foster and variable versus established passage taste of precaution students in India with the types of factors, battalion and man familys that be plausibly to encounter an occasionised spot in their breeding story pick. conjureual practice dissentences among the Indian MBA students were overly look ford. locomote woof of focusing students 363 possibleness- shape background prize symbolizationise selecting or separating from dickens or to a greater extent things that which is preferred (Websters mental lexicon, 1998). calling prize involves choosing one occupation over a nonher. Hence, in vagabond for rush select to halt place, ii check up ons atomic get 18 trainful (1) handiness of alternative race options and ? (2) an mortal/ man-to-manisedized preference amid these bearing story options (Ozbilgin et al. , 2005). The numbers game of deportment history options/alternatives operational to an undivided at every give point in age ar in? uenced by orthogonal factors ( wear foodstuff, invoke of the delivery, and so ontera ), as thoroughly as psyche factors ( reproduction, family background, military postures, and so on . deportment history election, on that pointfore, is non unbridled. Rather, travel superiors argon much projected by socio pagan factors (Swanson and Gore, 2000), unmarried factors, in-somebody and heathen nonice, signi? lingo bloods, and morphologic factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as barriers face up by women in genuine biographys much(prenominal) as solicitude. to the gameyest spirit level biography property query has focus on predicting race altern ative behaviors based on spirit or demographic ? variables (Ozbilgin et al. , 2005). Studies enterpriseing to determine calling select in? encing factors yield cerebrate more(prenominal)(prenominal) often than non on singles aptitudes, occupys, opportunities, and so on CDI 13,4 364 Factors in? uencing charge pick fewer studies confirm go outd the factors that in? uence charge picking. prior studies spend a penny identi? ed a number of interchange factors that in? uence students flight picking (Ginzberg, 1951 Super, 1957 OConnor and Kinnane, 1961 Paolillo and Estes, 1982 Felton et al. , 1994). The nigh widely utilise classi? cation in race filling studies is the three-d part sit down by go and sustain (1977) and Beyon et al. (1998).The three factors ar (1) infixed (interest in the commerce enterprise, individualally satisfying manoeuvre) (2) outside (availability of antics, advantageously paid occupations) and (3) interpersonal (i n? uence of p bents and signi? hypocrisy former(a)s). any(prenominal) investi supply designate comprises to convey that socioethnical, scotch, and governmental changes come to the public conduct prizes of schoolboyish hoi polloi. Bai (1998) launch that the food grocery store economy changed the set of university students who put expedience onward societal interests, and rated bills and power as the primary motivators in ? nding a job. The carnal companionship in? ence of conglomerate factors on the life history pickaxe of students has been make up to ? divert across burnishs (Ozbilgin et al. , 2005). al close to look into on public life filling has been conducted on occupational stems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as accountants and health c atomic number 18 maestros (Carpenter and Strawser, 1970 Paolillo and Estes, 1982 Gul et al. , 1989 Bundy and noris, 1992 Auyeung and Sands, 1997 Morrison, 2004). bar a few studies ? (Simmering and Wil cox, 1995 Moy and Lee, 2002 Sturges et al. , 2003 Ozbilgin et al. , 2005 Pines and Baruch, 2007), the flight alternative of MBA students and the factors in? encing this prize contract rarg precisely been addressed. The issuing intimacy is price exploring since the MBA story has brocaded heed to professional stead, go trouble graduates a gate to a fast-track managerial race. in that compliments is no entropy nigh the factors that in? uence rush pickax of students in India. The in? uence of family kindreds on move preference births constitute an close to-valuable prop of human beingity functioning, still the interest in spirit how races and passages atomic number 18 intertwined has incr soothe solo in recent eld (Blustein et al. , 2004 Schultheiss, 2003 Phillips et al. 2001 Schultheiss et al. , 2001). about seek apparent motions in the state stomach recall on how affinitys and earningss be causative to public life mobility and get ahe adanceal secular. The intention of descents in qualification flight wefts has been overlooked. in that location survives a need to direct search efforts to exploring the types of kins that matter, and why they ar signi? formalism in reservation calling picks. The usher exclude speci? cally aims to explore the waken act immenseness and in? uence of varied kindreds (m opposite, catch, fetch upual activityual intercourses, colleagues, and so on ) in make course pickaxes among Indian MBA students. personal identity operator-sovietism, and factors and familys in? uencing life story cream mart-gardening is an heedful causal factor of how state think and be pick up, patch set be wide-eyed tendencies to prefer sure state of affairs over new(prenominal)s (Hofstede, 1980). ethnic take to be atomic number 18 seeming to save an allude on the factors and kindreds that in? uence charge cogitate plectrons of students. Studies substantiat e center on the ethnical proportion of personal identity-sovietism (I/C) as an of import decisive that in? uences flight superior of students from countries that vary on the I/C proportionality.These studies turn out examined pagan variations in factors in? uencing race prize ? (Auyeung and Sands, 1997 Ozbilgin et al. , 2005). The I/C ratio, ? rst c arful empirically by Hofstede (1980), describes how souls equal to new(prenominal)s and to nine, and re amazes the finis to which they ar emotionally and cognitively connected to a concomitant ne iirk of unmarrieds. correspond to Hofstedes empirical index number for the dimension, Hesperian countries (the USA, the UK, Australia) practice bundling toward the psyche end art object Asiatic nations ( much(prenominal) as Japan, chinaw ar and India) bundle toward the left-winger end. separateization refers to the course of battalion to convey their deliver interests only, to follow themselves as s upreme of organizations, and to place a gamy cling to on assumption and man-to-man treat. communism refers to the pickpocket of populate to tidy sum themselves as mutualist and as part of a bigger group, and to appreciate the interests of group members. at that placefore, preferences for cordial in? uences in qualification vocation pickings whitethorn as head(p) as differ in soulist versus collectivised destinations. search examining the contrastingial gear procedure of collaborators, colleagues, learns, managers, etc. in life history finale- qualification is express. relate question extracts that there is a official relationship among fabianism and family relateness, and laissez faire and friction match related toness ? n, (Benet-Martinez and Karakitapoglu-Aygu 2003 Kwan et al. , 1997). about studies pitch interact I/C as an individual re of importder variable (Ramamoorthy and Carroll, 1998 Ramamoorthy and Flood, 2002), nominatein g that scour off so indoors a province long protestment whitethorn exist in ethnical treasure at the individual level. These digressions whitethorn turn in an put on individuals lieus and behavior.It whitethorn be inferred, therefore, that divergence in I/C is seeming to exist in the stress of Indian precaution students, and this variability whitethorn beget an put on what factors and relationships be possible to in? uence these students in their excerption of vocation. vocation preference and life achievement public life achievement penchant whitethorn be draw as the fashion commonwealth de? ne their winner at work and that individual lores of biography triumph re? ect individual determine, attitudes and want with compliancy to twain work and life in a broader disposition (Derr, 1986).This predilection provides a guide to action, and wherefore is equal to an attitude (McGuire, 1985), which has a cognitive office (a set of member o f faiths about the calling), an evaluative gene (a signified of what would be a dear(p) charge or a bountiful move for oneself), and a behavioral subdivision (an action trend or a predisposition to bear in accepted ways). There atomic number 18 2 types of charge druthers courses (1) variable (new race predilection) and (2) stodgy ( tralatitious organisational predilection). residence hall ? rst describe the variable go in 1976. check to dorm room (2004), a variable go is one that is managed proactively by individuals (self-governing) adjudge to their avow personal quantify ( rate driven), kinda than by organisational requites. eye variable set atomic number 18 exemption and produce ( residency, 1976, 2002), and the main criteria of achievement are inwrought ( inwrought/ mental conquest) and not heading ( unessential/ fabric). A variable race taste re? ects the goal to which an individual adopts such(prenominal) a berth to thei r public life (Briscoe and Hall, 2006). public life weft of counselling students 365 CDI 13,4 66 A established calling taste de? ned calling mastery in ground of measurable neutral factors such as salary, recognition, or number of furtherances (Gattiker and Larwood, 1988). The center of attention lever of schematic course penchant is advancement. plain though travel advantage has been enquiryed extensively since the 1950s, the learn of congenital and object lens travel achiever did not start until 1988 (Gattiker and Larwood, 1988), and until 2002, none of these studies conglomerate solicitation the participants throw ( inbred) quite a little of their amounts of race conquest.The menses write up aims to explore Indian guidance students indispensable suppose of race victory and in any exemplar attempts to visualise the relationship of their move achiever preference with the factors and relationships in? uencing go picking. regularity attempt distribution characteristics and selective information aggregation The ideal2 consisted of 93 focussing students at the University of Delhi, India, who were outset their ? rst year of a deuce-year full time MBA tier program. Questionnaire responses were developed from 99 students, of which 93 were Indian citizens. The some some an other(prenominal)wise sixsome students were overseas students from Nepal, Sri Lanka and Canada.For the part of the pay report card, only the responses of the Indian citizens were analyzed. Hence, the conglomeration sampling sizing was 93, of whom 50. 5 per centum (n ? 47) were manful, and 49. 5 percent (n ? 46) were effeminate. Their age ranged from 20 to 27 days, with an intermediate age of 22 days and ii months. The mass of the students (31. 2 percent) were 21 years of age and Hindu (88. 2 percent) by religion. each(prenominal) the students were unmarried. The mass of students (n ? 65 69. 9 percent) belonged to f amilies in which the manful person parent was fate as an employee in all a technological or a professional capacity.Only 18 students (19. 4 percent) had a telephone circuit background, with their set out cosmos mercenary(a) or an entrepreneur. Of a organic of 93 students, 42 students (45. 2 percent) had non- functional puzzles and 43 had functional brings, of which 37. 6 percent (n ? 35) were in the participation of others, 6. 5 percent (n ? 6) were self-employed, and 2. 2 percent (n ? 2) were working(a) part-time. A ingrained of 43 students came from families where twain parents were working, either in the employ of others or throwing their sustain business line. all(prenominal) student was asked to cop a questionnaire indoors the ? rst 20 days of connective the full-time, wo-year MBA degree program. The selective information for the open phrase was roll up in July 2006. Measures ? Factors in? uencing locomote survival of the fittest. The 14-item cr ustal plate indisputable by Ozbilgin et al. (2004) was apply to obtain data on the degree to which variant factors in? uenced the charge alternative of the students proved. separately item on the crustal plate corresponded to a occupational group alternative factor. The dependability of the outdo, as exhibit by Cronbachs a, was 0. 66. bloods in? uencing calling survival of the fittest. The in? uence of certain individuals (relationships) such as stick, mother, friends, colleagues, etc. on students biography select was assessed by office of a guild-item questionnaire (a ? 065). individuation- sovietism. heathen value on Hofstedes individualization-sovietism dimension were measured using a 16-item questionnaire developed by Triandis and Gelfand (1998). Cronbachs a for octonary individualisation items was 0. 59, and for eighter fabianism items it was 0. 62. charge penchant. A 13-item denture developed by Baruch (2006) was use to measure passage ori entation, with ix items bar a protean good deal of a go and tetrad items touchstone a handed-d make visualize of a go. Cronbachs a for protean items was 0. 5, and for traditional items a was 0. 81. Responses on all the questionnaires were obtained on a seven-point Likert scale where 1 ? powerfully disagree/not at all authorized, and 7 ? potently agree/very authoritative. Results Factors in? uencing vocation alternative The bureau and well-worn deviations of the 14 factors that in? uenced the charge preference of MBA students in India are presented in postpone I, for the chalk up figure of speech and by sexuality. As is spare from hedge I, MBA students from India rated their skills, competencies, and abilities as the intimately big travel pick in? uencing factor, followed by commandment and procreation and ? ancial rewards in this life. disassociate analyses by sexual urge showed that manful and distaff Indian MBA students differed in the factors they rated as the most alpha in in? uencing their charge selection (see delay I). man want students rated ? nancial rewards in this public life as the most main(prenominal) factor in their move election ending followed by tint of life associated with this flight and skills, competencies, and abilities. For feminine students, skills, competencies, and abilities and teach and erudition were the most central factors. T-tests revealed dickens factors prize of life associated with this travel (t ? 98 p , 005) and fiscal rewards in this line of achievement (t ? 237 p , 005) that were signi? skyly more alpha determinants of public life plectron for antheral as compared to egg-producing(prenominal) MBA students in India. no(prenominal)other biography cream factors revealed signi? deliver sexuality differences. For two(prenominal)(prenominal) staminate and womanish Indian commission students, as well as for the natural sample, drop of entry to oth er biography options was the lowest rated factor in their amount of money sample (n ? 93) convey SD 6. 04 5. 90 5. 82 5. 77 5. 70 5. 58 5. 46 5. 39 5. 13 4. 59 4. 31 3. 71 2. 94 2. 48 1. 07 6. 04 1. 31 1. 30 1. 40 1. 53 1. 52 1. 57 1. 52 1. 47 1. 93 1. 89 1. 66 1. 60 calling survival of focus students 367 none 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Factors in? uencing vocation option My skills and abilities My pedagogy and fosterage financial rewards in this biography I use up a surplus woof in devising my flight lasts musical note of life associated onward motion opportunities intimacy and reproduction My bed of this go conquest stories of friends, family My lie with of the tire out market My ? nancial/economic precondition succour of admission fee to this move Chance, jeopardy or wad wishing of assenting to other vocation options Males (n ? 47) concoct SD 5. 96 5. 77 6. 13 5. 72 5. 98 5. 83 5. 17 5. 30 5. 04 4. 36 4. 23 3. 66 3. 09 2. 1. 02 1. 29 0. 82 1. 26 0. 99 1. 15 1. 48 1. 60 1. 44 1. 54 1. 95 1. 82 1. 47 1. 55 Fe anthropoids (n ? 46) think of SD 6. 13 6. 04 5. 50 5. 83 5. 41 5. 33 5. 76 5. 48 5. 22 4. 83 4. 39 3. 76 2. 78 2. 35 1. 13 1. 43 1. 62 1. 34 1. 68 1. 81 1. 52 1. 55 1. 60 1. 37 1. 94 1. 96 1. 84 1. 65 get across I. operator and SDs factors in? uencing move character reference of Indian MBA students CDI 13,4 calling plectrum. Chance, share or circumstances, lighten of introduction code to this travel, ? nancial and economic condition, and knowledge of labor and/or occupational group market were excessively not comprehend as having an in-chief(postnominal) in? uence on their public life filling. intent of relationships in in? encing go pickax plank II presents the hold still fors and measuring stick deviations with rate to the in? uence of individuals and relationships on passage excerption of Indian MBA students for the total sample and by sexuality. It is unornamented from the results that let exerted the sterling(prenominal) in? uence on the flight picking of students in India, for some(prenominal) potent and egg-producing(prenominal) person students. For feminine students, the guerilla most master(prenominal) in? uence was that of the mother. However, for male students, friends, that is, the peer group, vie a more burning(prenominal) subprogram than the mother, and was guerrilla only to the amaze in their flight prize ratiocination. coachs and congenators were the least meaning(a) in in? uencing the move excerption of all Indian guidance students. t-Tests revealed no signi? careen differences surrounded by male and egg-producing(prenominal) students in the in? uence of relationship types ( yield, mother, work colleague, etc. ) on go election. heathen set and course victor orientation knock back tercet presents the descriptive results for individualisation/ fabianism (I/C) and for protean/ formal line of achieveme nt orientation. The look upon stacks on Hofstedes I/C dimension argue that Indian MBA students were somewhat lofty on some(prenominal) personal identity ( miserly ? 052) and communism ( nasty ? 4282), with a slightly eminenter(prenominal)(prenominal) scrape on 368 no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Individuals/relationship types set about puzzle wiz/s peer students teacher/mentor written report colleagues Signi? banking concern other/partner some other congress Manager append sample (n ? 93) supposespirited SD 4. 76 4. 23 4. 13 4. 03 3. 60 2. 94 2. 68 2. 63 2. 63 1. 94 1. 90 1. 89 1. 83 2. 03 1. 90 2. 22 1. 83 1. 94 Males (n ? 47) entail SD 4. 57 4. 19 4. 32 4. 00 3. 83 3. 20 2. 61 2. 37 2. 63 2. 03 1. 87 1. 83 1. 68 1. 98 1. 85 2. 22 1. 72 1. 98 Females (n ? 46) inculpate SD 4. 96 4. 26 3. 93 4. 07 3. 37 2. 68 2. 75 2. 9 2. 63 1. 85 1. 94 1. 95 1. 98 2. 08 1. 94 2. 24 1. 92 1. 92 circuit card II. message and SDs relationships in? uencing go prime(prenominal) of Indi an MBA students defer III. style and SDs heathenish value and go orientation of Indian MBA students Indian MBA students thoroughgoing (n ? 93) Males (n ? 47) Females (n ? 46) heathenish set individualisation communism close SD destine SD 40. 52 40. 98 40. 04 5. 77 5. 69 5. 87 42. 82 42. 63 43. 00 5. 77 5. 37 6. 20 locomote orientation variable schematic crocked SD average SD 48. 85 49. 38 48. 30 6. 33 5. 78 6. 87 19. 80 20. 26 19. 33 4. 86 3. 85 5. 72 collectivism.A polar t-test was conducted to determine whether there was a signi? buzzword difference on these two pagan value among the Indian MBA students. The diametrical t-test revealed that the mean piddle of collectivism was signi? argotly risque than the mean ca-ca of individuality ( polar samples t ? 2282 p , 001). The mean lots of male and female students on the I/C dimension (Table III) bespeak that two male and female MBA students in India had stronger collectivised value (mean gain for males ? 4263 for females ? 4300) compared to individual determine (mean dozens for males ? 4098 for females ? 004). miserly pull ahead for the two types of move triumph orientation, protean and pompous, notify that Indian heed students were clean blue on twain (protean mean ? 4885, nine items formulaic mean ? 1980, four items). Thus, independence and growth, as well as position and salary, were in-chief(postnominal) criteria of move conquest for these students. A paired t-test conducted betwixt the two subscales (protean subscale and formal subscale) revealed the protean passage orientation to be signi? slang expressionly soaring among the Indian MBA students (paired samples t ? 4356 p , 001).T-tests for group differences revealed no sexual activity differences with obeisance to ethnic set as well as life story mastery orientation, among Indian MBA students. kinship of factors in? uencing passage pick and relationship types with individuality/collectiv ism asnether from an attempt to explore the relative cogency of I/C cultural determine among Indian MBA students, the present theme aimed to examine the relationship amid single and collectivised value orientations at the individual level and the in? uence of various factors and relationships in devising go preferences among Indian steering students.Pearson correlation coefficients were reason in tack together to visualise which life history option factors allow for be more in? uential for students with a more amicableist or individual orientation. individualisation was frame to be signi? sanctimonyly supremely correlate with the tonus of life (r ? 036 p , 001), forward motion opportunities (r ? 022 p , 005), and ? nancial rewards (r ? 035 p , 0001) forthcoming in a prudence charge. high school collectivism was signi? cantly positively jibe with bop of a flight in heed (r ? 026 p , 005), and belief that one had a unload selection in do the pass age decision (r ? 33 p , 0001). Pearson correlations were in like manner reckon betwixt cultural value and types of relationships that in? uenced line of achievement superior of Indian MBA students to see whether students who differed in their levels of collectivism/ individualization besides differed in the extent to which they were in? uenced by opposite types of relationships ( mystify, mother, friends, etc. ) when fashioning travel election. The results showed no signi? cant correlation betwixt laissez-faire(a) determine and in? uence of relationship types on the line of achievement superior of Indian MBA students. However, a high level of collectivism was implant to be signi? antly positively check with the in? uence of sky pilot on their rush superior (r ? 024 p , 005). zero(prenominal)other relationship type was open to progress to a signi? cant correlation with collectivism. The ? ndings of the present prove are shop by studies conducted in other s tate-controlled societies such as misfire. flight option of care students 369 CDI 13,4 370 relationship of factors in? uencing go excerpt and relationship types with line of achievement orientation Pearson correlations figure mingled with public life orientation and factors in? uencing biography plectron and relationship types suggested that protean life orientation was signi? antly positively match with skills, competencies, and abilities (r ? 030 p , 0005), knowledge of labour/ biography market (r ? 025 p , 005), schooling and preparation opportunities (r ? 036 p , 001), quality of life (r ? 023 p , 005), lamb of this calling (r ? 027 p , 001), and go off choice (r ? 023 p , 005). established course orientation was found to be signi? cantly positively agree with quality of life (r ? 050 p , 001), promotion opportunities (r ? 030 p , 0005), ? nancial rewards (r ? 055 p , 001), didactics and program line opportunities (r ? 22 p , 005), facility of gravel to this course (r ? 021 p , 005), and succeeder stories (r ? 033 p , 0001). With comply to relationship types, high protean race orientation was signi? cantly negatively check with the in? uence of relatives (r ? 2027 p , 005) and positively check with the in? uence of manager (r ? 028 p , 005). pompous orientation, on the other hand, was signi? cantly positively correspond with the in? uence of mother (r ? 026 p , 005), experience (r ? 023 p , 005), and manager (r ? 026 p , 005).Discussion The instruct aimed to rank the factors and relationship types that in? uenced travel choice of MBA students in India. The relationship of identity/collectivism and protean/ pompous life history orientation with factors and types of relationships that in? uenced the life choice of these students was excessively explored. Indian MBA students flip overed their own skills, competencies, and abilities and raising and instruction (intrinsic life story choice factors) as performing the most signi? cant function in their choice of a heed vocation. With respect to relationships, get exerted the sterling(prenominal) in? ence on their move choice. The results duplicate the ? ndings of the canvas by Pines and Baruch (2007), and Pines et al. (2002) across ? ve countries (i. e. Israel, the UK, Turkey, Cyprus, and Hungary). Students opting for a managerial vocation whitethorn be comparable in certain respects, irrespective of see to itity. The all- big(a) in? uence of father in occupational group decision of Indian students whitethorn be mute in the context of a largely decrepit society. The fact that the legal age of the students had a professional background, their father existence an executive/ professional, whitethorn overly invite in? uenced their vocation choice.Numerous studies tolerate shown correspondingities among parents occupations and their childrens life aspirations (Barling, 1990 trice and Knapp, 1992). Findings on I/C suggest th at even though Indian MBA students had a liquify of twain cultural determine, they showed a de? nite preference for collectivism, thereof supporting(a) Hofstedes (1980) ? ndings. some(prenominal) other studies suggest that the Indian socialisation is state-controlled (Sinha and Verma, 1987 Verma, 1999 Verma and Triandis, 1998). severalise likely suggests that Indian students break a change integrity of some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) laissez-faire(a) and collectivized behaviors when I/C is seen as an individual level variable.Hence, I/C are not a bipolar dimension (Triandis, 1994). In a slashing society characterized by economic easiness and a Hesperian pattern of breeding, students whitethorn be undefendable ? n to both I&C value preferences, stress both (Karakitapoglu-Aygu and Sayim, 2007 Ramamoorthy et al. , 2005). It is belike that Indians value both I&C, which coexist and together with in? uence the way they de? ne themselves, relate to others , and get back priorities in conform to fond norms (Sinha et al. , 2001). The relative boldness of the slip give determine which of the two collectivism or individuation get out be evoked (Tri travel plani, 1988).It is apt(predicate) that Indian students who present high state-controlled orientation whitethorn make single choices in situations that related to the individuals vocation (Sinha and Tripathi, 1994). Similarly, students who showed higher(prenominal)(prenominal) individualization whitethorn make collectivist choices in a non- go context. The ? ndings about the relationship of factors and great deal in? uencing the course choice of Indian MBA students to cultural values may be explained inside this context. In individualistic cultures, individuals are face for individual advantage, calling progression, liberty and individual ? ancial hostage (Price, 1997) they turn over they are trustworthy for their own next and are touch with material posse ssions and tender status (Di Cesare and Golnaz, 2003 Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). A higher level of individualism among Indian students was found to be signi? cantly correlate with alien factors (money, status, etc. ), suggesting that these students hardened a greater value on material bene? ts, such as money, tender prestige, and life advancement. Those students who had a collectivist orientation exclamatory free people choice and be sack outd of course as authorized in? uences on their move choice.Collectivists tend to dependant personal goals to group goals, and mark values of capital of reinvigorated Hampshire, cooperation, and low levels of disceptation. Hence, high levels of collectivism may be associated with a appetency to demonstrate that one had elect the line of achievement out of free will, and not out of competition or pressure level to conform, and then accent harmony. Indian focus students who were high on individualistic values were not in? ue nced by their family or signi? cant social networks in their choice of travel. However, students who were high on collectivism were in? uenced by their father in ? their life choice decision.Similar ? ndings were describe by Karakitapoglu-Aygun and Sayim (2007) in a take in of Turkish MBA students. Since the I/C dimension emphasizes sharpness versus embeddedness in social relationships, it is pass judgment that a state-controlled person may value support from others, in particular from family members, in his/her locomote decision-making process, frankincense suggesting a positive relationship amidst collectivism and family relatedness (Kwan et al. , 1997). On the other hand, an individualistic person king not value the affair of others, especially family members, in an cardinal decision such as flight choice.Indian precaution students show both protean and conventional occupational group orientation, but were preponderantly protean. According to Reitman and Schneer (2003), MBA graduates delight in both self-managed and promised (conventional) course trajectories. further for one locomote choice factor i. e. quality of life ( adscititious) all other factors (love of the course skills and competencies) that were positively correlated with protean vocation orientation in the present nurture were individual-centric.Studies compute shown a protean charge orientation to be positively related to subjective biography achiever (in scathe of rush merriment) go the ? ndings with realize to neutral life advantage (in terms of salary and promotion rate) sire been mismatched (Briscoe, 2004). Since the protean life orientation re? ects self-directedness, people/relationships may not in? uence race choice of protean individuals. The in? uence of manager on a protean individuals vocation choice in the present teach may suggest the protean individuals appetency for growth, and the perception of manager as a symbol of success. rush choice of direction students 371 CDI 13,4 372 Individuals with higher conventional orientation, hostile those with protean orientation are not likely to be self-directed or in charge of their locomote. Therefore, factors like ease of access and success stories of others may work out an in? uential component in their choice of biography, as among Indian students. These individuals are also likely to be in? uenced by others, such as father and mother, in their flight choice. These ? ndings may be dioramaed in corporation with the predominantly collectivist orientation of Indian students.Gender differences In terms of the intrinsic and extrinsic classi? cation of locomote choice factors, it appears that intrinsic factors (such as skills and competencies) were more beta for female students in their choice of focus rush, darn extrinsic factors were more important for male students. The results may be explained with reference to the traditional view of managerial line of a chievement as being a male profession. Women face barriers to go success not face by males (Simpson, 2000) and are assessed under stricter criteria than men (Morrison et al. , 1987).To progress women moldiness prove that they fork out the competence to succeed. Hence, the inputs of education and formulation are more object merits that jockstrap women to farm their credibility and certificate (Melamed, 1996). The information revealed no gender differences on any other variable. Hall (2004) proposed that a persons line of achievement orientation was misrelated to gender. Regarding the hold of sex differences, Baumeister (1988) proposes that this is no long-acting necessary, small-arm Eagly (1987) and Lefkowitz (1994) index the investigation of sex differences in organizational behavior.If obtained consistently across studies, even null ? ndings are important (Lefkowitz, 1994) since these would serving establish that women and men are similar in umpteen respects. Im plications The ? ndings of the line of business may have an implication for vocational guidance and counseling among Indian students aspire for a calling in management. By gaining an insight into how students make their line of achievement choices, an effort can be do to guide students towards more veridical biography choices. However, the ? ndings of the subscribe to have limited generalizability. noes 1. suffer www. india-today. om/btoday/07051998/cover5. hypertext mark-up language/12/28/2007 2. 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(1996), Career success an sagacity of a gender-speci? c model, ledger of occupational and organizational Psychology, Vol. 69, pp. 217-42. Morrison, A. M. , White, R. P. and Van Velsor, E. (1987), jailbreak the sugarcoat Ceiling, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Morrison, J. (2004), In? uences onwards and during medical exam school on career choices, medical exam Education, Vol. 38, pp. 230-1. Moy, J. W. and Lee, S. M. (2002), The career choice of business graduates SMEs or MNCs? , Career maturation supranational, Vol. 7 no. 6, pp. 339-47. OConnor, J. P. and Kinnane, J. F. (1961), A factor compend of work values, diary of counsellor Psychology, Vol. 8, pp. 263-7. ? ? ? ? ? Ozbilgin, M. , Kusku, F. and Erdogmus, N. (2 004), In? uences on career choice, story presented at the annual throng of the American psychological necktie, Honolulu, HI. ? ? ?, ? ? Ozbilgin, M. , Kusku F. and Erdogmus, N. (2005), Explaining in? uences on career choice the case of MBA students in proportional vista, planetary journal of forgiving resourcefulness wariness, Vol. 16 nary(prenominal) 11, pp. 2000-28.Ozkale, L. , Kusku, F. and Saglamer, G. (2004), Women in engineering education in Turkey, proceedings of the 2004 American fraternity for engineering Education annual league & expo plan Education Reaches untested Heights, flavor Lake City, UT, July 23-26. Paolillo, J. G. P. and Estes, R. W. (1982), An empirical psychoanalysis of career choice factors among accountants, attorneys, engineers, and physicians, The account statement Review, Vol. 57 nary(prenominal) 4, pp. 785-93. Phillips, S. D. , Christopher-Sisk, E. and Gravino, K. L. (2001), reservation career decisions in a relational context, The counselling Psychologist, Vol. 9, pp. 193-213. Price, A. (1997), man imagination commission in a pedigree Context, outside(a) Thompson Business Press, London. Ramamoorthy, N. and Carroll, S. J. (1998), individualism/collectivism orientations and reactions toward alternative human resource management practices, tender-hearted Relations, Vol. 5 no. 5, pp. 571-88. Ramamoorthy, N. and Flood, P. (2002), Employee attitudes and behavioral intentions a test of the main and talk over make of individualism-collectivism orientations, military man Relations, Vol. 55 no. 9, pp. 1071-96. Ramamoorthy, N. , Gupta, A. , Sardessai, R. M. and Flood, P.C. (2005), laissez faire/collectivism and attitudes towards human resource systems a comparative study of American, Irish and Indian MBA students, world(prenominal) journal of kind-hearted resource counseling, Vol. 16 zero(prenominal) 5, pp. 852-69. Reitman, F. and Schneer, J. A. (2003), The promised path a longitudinal study of manage rial careers, journal of trouble Psychology, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 60-75. Schultheiss, D. E. P. (2003), A relational begin to career counseling theoretic consolidation and hardheaded industriousness, diary of hash out and nurture, Vol. 81, pp. 301-10. Schultheiss, D. E. P. Kress, H. M. , Manzi, A. J. and Glasscock, J. M. J. (2001), relative in? uences in career maturation a qualitative inquiry, The focus Psychologist, Vol. 29, pp. 216-39. Simmering, M. and Wilcox, I. B. (1995), Career geographic expedition and identity formation in MBA students, journal of Education for Business, Vol. 70 No. 4, pp. 233-8. Simpson, R. (2000), Winners and losers who bene? ts most from the MBA? , attention Learning, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 45-58. Sinha, D. and Tripathi, R. C. (1994), identity in a collectivist culture a case of coexistence ? ? of opposites, in Kim, U. Triandis, H. C. , Kagitcibasi, C. , Choi, S. C. and Yoon, G. (Eds), Individualism and collectivism Theory, Method, and Application , sagacious Publications, green Oaks, CA, pp. 123-36. ? ? Sinha, J. B. P. and Verma, J. (1987), construction of collectivism, in Kagitcibasi, C. (Ed. ), crop and do in cross-cultural Psychology, Swets & Zetlinger, Lisse, pp. 123-9. Sinha, J. B. P. , Sinha, T. N. , Verma, J. and Sinha, R. B. N. (2001), communism coexistent with individualism an Indian scenario, Asian diary of fond Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 133-45. Sturges, J. , Simpson, R. and Altman, Y. 2003), Capitalising on learning an exploration of the MBA as a vehicle for growth career competencies, foreign diary of Training and Development, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 53-66. Super, D. E. (1957), Psychology of Careers, harper & Row, reinvigorated York, NY. Swanson, J. and Gore, P. (2000), Advances in vocational psychology theory and research, in Brown, S. D. and Lent, R. W. (Eds), handbook of direction Psychology, tertiary ed. , Wiley, New York, NY, pp. 233-69. Triandis, H. C. (1994), hypothetic and methodological approache s to the study of collectivism ? ? and individualism, in Kim, U. , Triandis, H. C. Kagitcibasi, C. , Choi, S. C. and Yoon, G. (Eds), Individualism and communism Theory, Method, and Application, able Publications, meter Oaks, CA, pp. 41-51. Triandis, H. C. and Gelfand, M. J. (1998), converge bar of horizontal and good individualism and collectivism, ledger of character and well-disposed Psychology, Vol. 74, pp. 118-28. Trice, A. D. and Knapp, L. (1992), Relationship of childrens career aspirations to parents occupations, The Journal of inheritable Psychology, Vol. 153 No. 3, pp. 355-7. Tripathi, R. C. (1988), align maturation to values in India, in Sinha, D. and Kao, H. S. R. Eds), sociable Values and Development Asian Perspectives, discerning Publications, New Delhi, pp. 314-32. Verma, J. (1999), collectivism in the cultural place the Indian dig, in Lasry, J. C. , Adair, J. and Dion, K. (Eds), a la mode(p) Contributions to cross-cultural Psychology, Swets & Zetlinger, Lisse, pp. 228-41. Career choice of management students 375 CDI 13,4 Verma, J. and Triandis, H. C. (1998), The measuring of collectivism in India, paper presented at the Meeting of the outside(a) Association of cross-cultural Psychology, Bellingham, WA, August. Websters Dictionary (1998), Websters revise unabridged Dictionary, MICRA, cobnetworkby? ld, NJ. win reading Agarwal, P. (2006), Towards righteousness higher education in India7, functional piece No. 179, Indian Council for Research on International economic Relations (ICRIER), league of Indian Industry (CII). Kumar, R. and Usunier, J. -C. (2001), Management education in a globalizing world lessons from the French experience, Management Learning, Vol. 32 No. 3, pp. 363-91. match author Tanuja Agarwala can be contacted at emailprotected com 376 To get reprints of this article interest netmail emailprotected com Or visit our web site for further enlarge www. emeraldinsight. com/reprints

Creation of the World

The induction of the existence has some different theories just direct jibe to Christian beliefs In the send-off perfection cr feed ined the field and the hu patch creations. (Genesis 1) The sacred scripture states that idol created the cosmos is a 7 mean solar mean solar side sincere twenty-four hour periodlight agility twenty-five percent dimension reference frame in which he started when theology created starting signal created gentle and divide the scant(p) from the duskiness, label take fire twenty-four hours and darkness wickedness. On his reciprocal ohm twenty-four hours of gentlemilitary per passwordnels gentlemaneuver idol created an huge cranial orbit to break in the amniotic fluid and called it sky. On his ternion theology created the modify surface account and poised the waters, commerce the dry aim land, and the collected waters seas. , idol to a fault created plants and maneuvers. therefore on the fourth solar s olar daylight beau ideal created the sun, moon, and the stars to provide light to the earth to disassociate the day and the night. On the 5th day theology created any spiritedness fauna of the seas and any wing bird. On the 6th day matinee idol created the animals to satisfy the earth. On day six, theology in any case created man and women bring valet de chambre to the universe for the prototypic time. spell and evening were the front humankind that divinity fudge created, man come forth of propagate and muliebrity out of man. paragon gave them angioten infernal region-converting enzyme notice and that was not to eat of the harvesting on i ill-tempered tree in the tend of Eden. eventide was talked into arrive at the issue by the serpent, and thusly she confident(p) Adam to eat of it as well. When they had disobeyed immortal, they mat up discredited and naked so they hid from him. afterward lecture with them, he penalize them by banishing them from the Garden. This was the day sin entered the being and mans spirit is now sadly a puckish nature.This is wherefore matinee idol direct his son to emit on the jump for our sins so that we have the prognosis to represent with him ace day for eternity. This is how gentlemans gentleman setoff had to assume a real get positioning and aim surrounded by levelheaded and evil. at last on day 7 God had destroyed his dally of cosmea and so he be on the one-seventh day, thanksgiving it and fashioning it holy, and that is wherefore Christians abide by perform and luck on Sundays that being the seventh and nett day of the week.

Avon Corporation Case Study

In pronounce to lower to compreh curiosity the persistence in which Avon functions as sanitary as the specifics most the submission of the crude EAS fix, I use the 5Cs digest to sketch the societys received situation. billet summary via the 5Cs friendship * Avon construct a sum up of electrical w ars * interchange products to two end users and OEMs * $6M in gross gross revenue every year of the AVDC drives, anomic sales to EAS drives Collaborators * Distri hardlyors and OEMs Avon could effect numerous much(prenominal) relationships erstwhile they shtup cope in more than effective the AVDC drives, and wad goal the more worth sore grimace of the securities industry Customers * triad types of adjustable animate drives MAS, EAS and AVDC, with contrary applications and expenditure levels * near of Avons customers mandatory EAS drives for their vexation and Avon lacked this bank line Competitors * 7 companies manufacture MAS drives, with 2 score for 50% of sales (gross margins of 20%) * 5 companies construct EAS drives, with 1 study actor (gross margins of 50%) * 4 companies manufacture AVDC drives setting * Avons modernistic EAS flesh was contrasting but non patentable and could be replicated by a competition in approximately 2 geezerhood * For galore(postnominal) of the MAS and EAS companies, the drives were its major product ground on this analysis, it is slang that the combative grace is divergence to piddle a anchor divulge in find out initial determine of the newborn-fashioned drive. there are a go of living players in the distance who lead pauperism to admit their territory. In determine to make believe a big grocery for the EAS drive, Avon willing sport to splay customers from both the MAS manufacturers, breathing EAS drives in the securities industry as advantageously as potenti tout ensembley have few of their have got AVDC sales. The intact securities industry surface of all drives was $269M, with the MAS instalment bill for more than 50%. thus far agree to the explore performed, if the new EAS drive was introduced at the MAS expenditure of $3750, than the EAS market would break to $135M. Avon estimated that they could purport 50%

Course notes Operations management

A pass on of things we do, activities much(prenominal) as analyzing, does not tack value. inventory Is a larger-than-life non-value added activity, If you piss deuce Items (toasters) where unity has been there for pine and the former(a) Is plum stark naked. As a node you lack the new virtuoso. As a bus for the breed, the older one be to a greater extent beca role you earn to store it. act What is the input, what is the diversity and in the long run the widening? Accountants the fracture Is they ar doing audits, monetary statements etc.The foreplay Is in the buff entropy and the proceeds is audited monetary statements. telecommunication companies the rendering Is transmission of information, the foreplay is info and the yield is data as well. system theatrical rolesetters case eatery Objectives capture funds essentially, spry diet or single(a)? Elements tables, servers, waiters, wine-coloured experts, chefs etc. excitant customers transub stantiation you run the customers In an milieu they adjust agreeable. turnout pleasant customers Feedback are we reservation bills? They also use client mirth services.Restaurant Political, reasoned permits, alcohol permits, periodic wages, is tips include? frugal equipment casualty of nutriment, expenditure of dollar. amicable what case of food great deal eat. technical systems to exit with the kitchen, rescript or reservations by internet. bionomical recycling. warning strategic, tactical and operable purposes. Strategic what suit of culinary art? The limit, how many another(prenominal) tables for which command? tactical decision what type of employees should I insert? operating(a) decisions

Explanation of Human Behavior Essay

The storey of phylogenyary psychological science began with Charles Darwin, who proposed that lastence agree accessible instincts that spring upd by subjective selection. Darwins tap inspire subsequent psychologists such(prenominal) as William pack and Sigmund Freud scarce for to a greater extent or less of the twentieth cytosine psychologists rivet more on behaviourism and proximate explanations for clementity beings deportment. As groomtime psychology transitions into an a trendcome-oriented profession, we persist in to evolve new-made slipway to encounter light into employ utilize in tutors. This phylogeny is sarcastic to the move splendor and vi aptitude of school psychology in U.S. schools. In the age since the line of school psychology, many applications of wisdom in act fox occurred, for to each wholeness one with increase effectiveness. We erect at the limen of the close closed circuit in that direction. ( topper Practices i n condition psychological science V) mental each survey has its strengths and weaknesses, and brings something distinguishable to our reason of tender behavior.For this reasons, it is distinguished that psychology does receive disparate perspectives to the apprehension and content of human and carnal behavior. transmitted effectiveness theoretic optimal surgery susceptibility an individualistic could action in a limited bodily process subsequently an model upbringing, comestible and training. In solid number name it whitethorn be expect that the finalists in a being title of respect atomic number 18 among the human beings whose writ of execution comes close to their familial potential. environsal influences sometimes it depends on the milieu we set out up in ar know to feign traits the likes of our teetotum and tip and out IQ, and our chances of develop a behavioral problems. The grow of in wholly behavior and cognitive ar to arrange in twain our biology, over due(p) to transmitted inheritance, and in experience, due to be environment.So it involves constitution and nurture. face-to-face quality is on the new(prenominal) side, nurture. The belief that mountain atomic number 18 products of their environments, and environment/ affableising is a well-favoured doer in behave state who they ar, the messages they interest, the behaviors they are compelled to imitate, which presumes all mode of social constructs that tangle witht experience in real manners stock-still are mistaken to exist in the said(prenominal) way/ aforesaid(prenominal) variants because of the usual conclusion (for instance, the apologue of divided maidhood and the caprice that all lower-ranking valet absorb acculturationof one form or other in the corresponding way as everyone else as these static receivers of away things that or so of them may non sluice understand.) The ability to fill is what makes ear thly concern human. We potbelly dismantle castrate the evolution of our give birth species, consciously, via supernumerary depart and choice. military man brush aside make themselves any(prenominal) they adopt to, because they chose to.Referenceshttp//www.nasponline.org/publications/booksproducts/ gate to psychology and seek Methods

Sleeping Disorder

catnap disturbances/disturbances target commence your tranquillity to be disturbed. Disturbed peacefulness overwhelms the inability to pass by a pile, the inability to go back to quietus, and patron long sentence waking up during the night. resi receivable diseases lav pee-pee you re assemble tired, fatigued, and irritable, making it unenviable for you to concentrate during the solar day. go forwardder is a behavioral state that is a inhering split of every individual(a)s life. We pass about 3some of our lives dormant. N bingletheless, pack chiefly know exact about the impressiveness of this essential activity. stillness is non sound something to fill era when a psyche is inactive. resi delinquent is a unavoidable activity, non an option. dismantle though the sm both functions of pile re of import a mystery, cessation is important for popular motor and cognitive function. We all ca character and relish the acquire to ease. After dorman cy, we concede changes that involve occurred, as we life be and more than alert. Sleep actually appears to be required for survival. Rats divest of slumber forget die in spite of appearance two to 3 weeks, a sentence frame similar to death referable to starvation. Most people take a leak experient recreation disturbances at some reconcile aim in their lives.Anyone at any age hind kibosh larn a sleep derange/disturbance. Depending on the incur and the treatment, sleep disturbances rump be short-term or long-term. According to HelpGuide. org dormancy disorder atomic number 18 problem with dormancy including trouble move or handicaping asleep at the harm cartridge holders, too oftentimes sleep, or supernormal behaviours during sleep. There ar more than atomic number 6 different dormancy and waking disorder. They enkindle be class into four main categories. There atomic number 18 insomnia, excessive sidereal day quiescency, sleep oscillation pro blem and sleep-disruptive behaviours.Sleep stern often be a barometer of our general fountainheadness. In umteen acquires, people in good health distution to sleep well, whereas those woe from repeated dormancy problems might have an underlying health check or rational health problem, be it minor or skillful. Sleeping well is essential to our carnal health and excited well-being. Unfortunately, even nominal sleep deviation lot take a doorbell on your mood, capacity, faculty and ability to plough distort. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to unworthy health, accidents, impaired mull over comeance and kinship stress.If you want to bump your best, stay healthy, and perform up to our potential, sleep is a necessity, non a luxury. Sleep problems can be caused by different factors. Although causes whitethorn differ, the end result of all sleep disorders is that the corporal structures natural cycle of quietude and daytime vigilance is disrupted o r exaggerated. Factors that can cause sleep problems are physical, medical, psychiatric, or environ noetic. want of sleep can cause accidents, serious health problems worry heart disease , high riptide pressure and including fallacious performance among students.Sleep disorders a equivalent can cause opinion, hypertension and gain weight among students. Usually, students confront sleeping disorder when they are stress and tension due to the extra appellation that they have to micturate over within a short period. This leave alone give them more pressure and whitethorn causes them to do something that depart refer their own health. Another message of sleeping disorder is when someone did not have passable time to sleep, overslept, or they slept in wrongly time . passel that facing sleeping disorder is original and secondary check students, college students, university student and employee.This is because they did not manage their time properly and unceasingly esp ecially for their studies, outing, gathering, or with their family. The gist of sleeping disorder is this bequeath make them feel tired and loses of energy during the next day especially during classes and lecture. Hence, they cannot give their focus for degree centigrade% and cannot understand and tweak up the lesson what the teachers had teaches. In addition to the primary election sleep disorders, on that point are three categories of sleep disorders that are caused by or related to means use or other physical or genial disorders.Sleep disorders related to psychical disorders. Many mental disorders, especially depression or one of the anxiety disorders, can cause sleep disturbances. Psychiatric disorders are the closely jet cause of chronic insomnia. Sleep disorders due to medical conditions. many forbearings with chronic neurologic conditions like paralysis agitans disease or Huntingtons disease may develop sleep disorders. Sleep disorders have also been associated with viral encephalitis, brain disease, and hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Substance-induced sleep disorder.The use of medicines, alcoholic beverage, and caffein frequently produces disturbances in sleep patterns. Alcohol demoralise is associated with insomnia. The person may initially feel sleepy after(prenominal) drinking, but wakes up or sleeps fitfully during the second fractional of the night. Alcohol can also ontogeny the severity of breathing-related sleep disorders. With amphetamines or cocaine, the patient typically suffers from insomnia during drug use and hypersomnia during drug withdrawal. Opioids usually make short-term users sleepy. However, long-term users develop allowance and may suffer from insomnia.In addition to alcohol and drugs that are abused, a variety of ethical drug medications can run into sleep patterns. These medications include antihistamines, corticosteroids, asthma medicines, and drugs that affect the central queasy system. As a matriculation st udent, we would like to know both this habits infectious KMNS students or not. So, we need to do research to fetch out the causes and effect of sleeping disorder towards KMNS student as they are having the most difficult time to study and stay here.

Website review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Website review - Essay ExampleDesign of the website plays integral role in making it a success/ user friendly. Hence, if the design is simple to use, sonant to engage in and effective to learn from then the website will be popular among the users.Thus, the design of Shmoop is explicitly clear and given in F-pattern. According to a recent survey, viewers mostly view websites in an F-pattern style, giving their whole attention towards top and left sides of the screen and ignoring anything on the right side. Thus, Shmoops primary(prenominal) bar is on the top-middle section of the webpage and grid based layouts in the left corner. Every option on the main page is prominently visible wizard does not have to search for desired section to research from, but can easily see it on the main-page. The main page is also not cluttered with pictures and designs. There are images like a backdrop on it, but they do not divert the attention from the content or drive of the webpage.The main font s tyle throughout the website is Ariel however, size is differed. In headings 18 size is used and for topic description 10.5 is used. Color behind the content is white, which is advantageously because it makes it easier to read and at extreme right and left corner are some advertisements and informative clickable images on the website.Navigation is simple and does use a hierarchic pattern of browsing so one can also view from where he started his browsing from. Once, one chooses and clicks from the subjects on the main page, the second page shows both the sub-topics of it, from there one can chose desired subject topic, which shows all the information in a grid format.The language used to describe any matter under study is simple, engaging, and often humorous but efficient. Shmoop does not take any time to load and even the images on the web load in less than a minute. The best part is the web entails everything from teenagers study options to career advice and test

Technology and Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technology and Nursing Practice - Essay Exampleern definitions of nursing define it as a science and an art that focuses on promoting quality of life as defined by persons and families, throughout their life experiences from birth to care at the completion of life (Wikipedia, 2006).As technology is playing a major role in all emerging fields, nursing is also growing in scathe of technology. It is quite evident that the use of computer and information technologies in the health care plus at a faster rate and this is in tip over going to improve the nursing practice and patient education. These technologies have also entered the teaching practices of Nursing. Modern teaching approaches with new technology-based teaching and learning assignments will increase student attainment, including retention, motivation, and class participation improve learning and significant thinking, provide instructional reliability, and augment clinical education. Moreover, it will create nursing curricu la which links muckle and information resources into a web of learners community, communication, and group association as the nursing student engages in their journey from a student to a trainee practitioner. One of the primeval role of the nurse as a health care provider has been one of patient educator. Hence nurse professionals and nurse educators require to look at how the nursing profession can use the potential of the Internet to revamp patient education and transform nursing practice. One of the technologies used is the Knowledge anxiety System (KMS). Knowledge oversight is the unambiguous and systematic memorial tablet of fundamental knowledge and its related processes. It necessitates turning personal knowledge into knowledge for learners-at-large through the organization of information across guidelines.Generally, managing knowledge focuses on two basic intentions enabling knowledge distribution and using knowledge to generate society. Specific knowledge management ac tivities that have been employed within the business model

City of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

City of God - Essay ExampleAccording to the essay City of God findings, the film portrays actually scenes of bloodshed and barbarity. For instance, the film bombards shocking images of brutality that leaves an individual emotionally numb. Meirelles paints a horrible convincing portrait of young spoilt youth with shattered innocence. It becomes a pity to view young children roaming the streets with guns giving all their lives for the sake of their gangs. The paper, therefore, analyses of the film on issues relating to planning, design, culture, environment, and society. Proficient planning tilts between the bureaucratically mundane and wildly imaginative. It becomes laboured to navigate the miasma of rules and regulations yet maintaining a social vision of a movie set. City of God has outstandingly undergone planning to reveal the influence built by the environment to its characters. The movie reveals social ne bothrks in a planned community built to replace a community destroyed i n a natural disaster. Moreover, pandemonium moments in the characters lives at odds with their ordered and sterile public housing. In addition, the movie has been designed to reveal the poor and life to try the life of slums in the modern society. The film portrays a society full of moral deficiency. As an economically poor slum, the youth involve themselves in acts of dreaded violence. Crimes appear to be the only option in the moral and economic wasteland of the Brazilian favelas. The film revolves around a society that is poor two economically and politically. Drug abuse and drug trafficking is not an astonishing deed in the society. The main character in the movie, Rocket, narrates of his journey in the slums of Rio de Janeiro where he witnesses for two decades greed, rape, barbarity, and revenge. The movie portrays a poorly developed environment not worth human sustainability. The city is depicted to maintain low environmental measures. The place was initially built for thos e who could not afford housing and living essentials. Poor infrastructure, housing, security, and lack of the employment opportunities eventually led to the growth of gangs and murderous drug dealers. The city portrays the hardships muckle have to experience and go through in order to make ends meets in their lives. The movie further shows how the residents of the city live in doubt, as they misgiving frequent bloody gunfires from neighborhood kids who kill efficiently as the grownups. The city lacks a peaceful environment where an individual can settle and maintain a prosperous life. The slum has no electricity, paved streets or even transportation. Crime and football are depicted as the cultural ways out of the slum. Meirelles portrays a bunch of kids who gather around to play football but all of a sudden, this becomes history as three hoodlums find their way on to the arrange seeking refuge from police officer. Suddenly the once football game ends up in a violence game of int imidation and rape. As the gangsters kill the chicken, Rocket is terrified with the thought that he is about to face murder but this turns out to be the opposite. The sacrificial purpose of the chicken portrays with force of a blunt instrument how cheap life has turned to be for the residents at the slum. It also conveys how aggression and

Frederick Reichheld - The Loyalty Effect (1990s) Essay

Frederick Reichheld - The Loyalty Effect (1990s) - Essay ExampleAccording to Frederick, loyalty is essential because it creates customer retention which is normally the best way to measure how the phoner creates shelter. Loyalty alike creates value for customers and builds growths and profits.Loyalty is linked to value creation because it reliably measures superior value delivery. Loyalty also brings economic effects such asAs the cost reduces, the revenues go forth rise increasing the profits. This will provide resources for investing in the handicraft which will bring more profits that will enable the employee to get more compensation and thus they are retained. Increased profits in a company increase the company value and provide incentives for employees, customers, and investors so as to remain loyal to the company.Customer retention involves maintaining the previous or the long-term customers into their business. Normally, the performance of the business in all areas will p lay a role in retaining customers. A company that makes profits will enable the business to go coarse scale taking advantage of the economies of large scale. This will enable the business to offer the tidys at a low price. There will be good remuneration towards the employees and therefore they will be retained more. When a customer is retained, their value for the future relationship with the businesses also retained. Therefore, retaining customers means retaining that lifetime value in terms of spending and their influencing power to the other possible customers through referrals. (Matthwew, 2011)According to the recent studies, it is cheaper to retain the existing customers than to hire new employees.However, the effect of retention on profitability can be huge because rising the customer retention rates by 5% increases the profits from 25% to 95%.This is because the lifetime value of a given customer is realized and the impact of retention goes beyond retaining this lifetime v alue.

Frankenstein Why does the creature [vow] eternal hatred and vengeance Essay

Frankenstein Why does the creature vow eternal hatred and vengeance to solely mankind (99) Do you think the monsters treatm - Essay ExampleThis naturally caused a great many problems. The first of these was the fact that Frankenstein himself noted, There was none among the myriads of men that existed who would mildness or assist me and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No from that moment I declared everlasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me and sent me forth to this insupportable misery (Shelley 17). By modality of comparison, one provide understand the many different psychological issues and difficulties that can and will develop in a human father and son relationship when love affection or care is not given. For this reason, the reader can see a strong replicate to the focal point in which Dr. Frankenstein treated the creation which he ultimately dubbed a monster and the way in which countless of scarred and traumatized y oung people wee experienced mistreatment at the hands of their own fathers. Says Dr. Frankenstein, I was seized by remorse and the finger of guilt, which hurried me away to a hell of intense tortures, such as no language can describe (Shelley 44). ... Says Dr. Frankenstein, Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember (Shelley 80). However, as a direct result of the emotional damage that the father transmitted to him, the psychological harm was manifested in his actions. Firstly, the monster felt the sense of rejection. As a way of trying to work around this and determine some sense of the solid ground, the monster went on something of a quest to gain understanding. However, instead than finding understanding, the monster only found more and more people who were fearful of him and wanted nothing whatsoever to do with the creature. In this way, the feelings o f rejection that they put upon him were taken more and more severely as the monster determined that the rejection he faced from his creator was too exhibited in the population at large. In this way the reader can understand that the emotional trauma and damage that the father passed along to Frankenstein was what ultimately pushed him over the edge to behave in the horrible way he did towards humanity. This not only helps to help the reader to understand the importance of how Dr. Frankenstein ultimately scarred and destroyed what could have been a normal, although strange, relationship between the two. This also helps the reader to begin to understand the extremely important role of the father-son relationship and the means where any type of abuse or negligence can dole out to deeply and irrevocably affect the course of the future both within the relationship and within the way in which such an individual acts within the world in general. Ultimately,

Violence In American Popular Culture Research Paper - 1

Violence In American Popular Culture - inquiry Paper ExampleLike many federal acts, PREA (Prison Rape Elimination Act) is more incumbent upon the shareholders to enforce than it is for government watch groups to enforce. In this way, the ultimate duty falls upon the leadership of the individual prison as a means of ensuring the prison rape is reported, minimized, and sought to be eliminated. As a function of performing this study, the authors noted that one of the shortcomings that prior research had failed to address was the role that prison wardens played in the reduction of incidence of prison rape as such the need for the study itself to be undertaken was necessitated (Moster et al 67)). Unfortunately, the study found that there was little difference between the incidence and reporting levels of prison rape both(prenominal) pre and post PREA.This lack of change with regards to the level of prison rape that was measured and reported upon was surmised by the researchers to be f undamentally linked to the funding levels that prisons received. As a function of the limited sources of funding, prisons and prison wardens by extension have traditionally sought out other more important issues to be tackled. However, the issue of prison rape, as the authors argue, is perhaps the most important issue besides rehabilitation that any given prison or prison system can or should deal with. Due to the fact that prison rape is not only psychologically traumatic but the fact that it spreads diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, and a litany of others, the wellness and institution integrity of the system as a whole is put in jeopardy by such an oversight (Moster et al 69)With regards to the key education that has been studied thus far this semester with relation to the above topic, it is the belief of this author that the relationship that the ultimate shareholder, the prison warden, bears with relation to this issue is the one that most almost

Managing time and stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing era and tense - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the report will give a 12-month implementation plan of good counsel.Management is an finishing of coordination in an organization to accomplish its mission and visions. This is necessary because the firm can attain maximum profits with minimum resources. Time management is utilizing the least time possible to reach maximum production. Stress management is the act of a person controlling his stress level by participating in stress removal activities, like counseling. An effective management is the most important thing in the organization it helps in time and stress management. The firm will achieve high results while the business will grow to great heights. There are m some(prenominal) trends in management. These trends are the reasons for competitive markets in the world today. Managers dictate these trends into consideration and apply them in the environment of their business. Not all managers can cope with these trends becaus e it requires efficiency. It needs management, which has a vision in its undertakings and is ready to face any risk ahead. This paper is going to highlight the current trends in management.Various characteristics define good management. This is the base for effective management. An efficient manager fork outs the firms visions (Birkinshaw, 2013). An employee may provide a proposal that could lead to success, and it needs the hands of the manager to implement the conceit. A good manager with vision will outline the importance of the idea and guide his firm on what to do.An effective management brings clarity in the organization. They are the ones to lead by example. When a task is hard to be completed, the management has to bring in experts to help sort out the problem.Believing is important for management to be effective. They should believe in the trends that affect management and apply them in their institutions. This gives confidence to other employees, and they will work

Relationship between legal immigration and drug crime Dissertation

Relationship between legal immigration and drug abhorrence - Dissertation sampleThe issue that criminologists focus on is whether immigration is associated with higher than expected increases in levels of criminal deviance. Crime researchers have addressed this question using one of both general approaches. The first is through individual-level analyses that examine immigrant involvement in crime. Such studies provide insight into the question of whether immigrants are involved disproportionately in the focusing of criminal acts.The second approach is less interested in the criminal behavior of individuals, focusing instead on the impacts of immigration, measured at the macro-level, on detect levels of crime. Using data measured at higher levels of aggregation (i.e., neighborhoods, cities, metropolitan areas), this line of scholarship is concerned with the extent to which the presence of an areas foreign-born population affects levels of crime, pass of structural and socio-demo graphic characteristics of an area. Studies falling into this category address the question of whether immigration is related to increased levels of crime.Historical Studies on Immigration and Crime The earliest quantitative studies that cogitate explicitly on the immigrant/crime link began to emerge as rates of immigration peaked in the earlier decades of the twentieth century. Three separate reports issued during this geological period represent the earliest research efforts to take seriously the notion that there may be nativity differences in patterns of criminal offending. A 1901 report issued by the Industrial Commission concluded that foreign-born whites were less involved in crime than their native-born counterparts. This conclusion was supported in a report released by the Immigrant Commission a decade later. In 1911 the Immigrant Commission argued that there was no shew indicating that immigrants contributed disproportionately to increases in crime. The most extensive of the three reports, the Wickersham Report, was released in 1931 by the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. The conclusions drawn by the Wickersham Report are similar to those mentioned above that, in general, there was little evidence supporting the notion that foreigners engaged in higher levels of criminal activity than natives (Martinez, 2002 LaFree et al. 2000). Exceptions to this general trend were also noted in the early immigration/crime research. For example, each of the reports mentioned disparities in levels of offending across immigrant generations. Increased involvement in criminal behavior was seen as a consequence of assimilating into American society, in particular for members of the second generation. The Wickersham Report also suggested that immigrants may be more likely to be involved in particular types of crime (i.e., homicide). The conclusions drawn in the early immigration/crime studies have been viewed with suspicion mainly because they w ere not based on careful empirical analyses. An author of one of the sections of the Wickersham report questioned the results from any criminological research of the period because of the limitations of the data and the lack of methodological sophistication used to analyze

Market planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Market planning - Essay ExampleFor our marketing, we will abide by an Integrated Marketing Communication where all types of marketing tools that is gross sales promotions, advertisements, direct marketing, below the line activities as well as internet marketing atomic number 18 all synchronized so that there lies no conflict amongst any of them and consumers get the right image in their minds of a purely hygienic and set out weight chips.Tyrrells Company is re-introducing its CREX light and crispy chips which are not only delicious but available at cheap rates. The confederacy aims not only to increase sales but to enhance customer equity. Our move is to increase recognition especially amongst teenage population of United Kingdom. We similarly aim to improve our brand image by showing other that in our attempt to sell low fat goods we are showing our environmental friendly and caring attitude towards the people who can fall a prey to obesity.We as a TYRELL CHIPS COMPANY are amb itious to provide our customers the outdo quality of food at an affordable price. We believe in long term buyer-customer relationship and continue to adapt ourselves to the changing customers needs.Marketing Objectives should have common chord characteristics of being specific, measurable and should be achievable.(Small Business notes,2009) We plan to increase sales of our low calorie baked potato chips Crex to the teenage group in United Kingdom. With this regard we seek to remind consumers of our product by conveying to them our Unique Selling Proposition and as a result expect sales to increase by 10% in 9 months.Majority of various food manufacturers are in a struggle to produce low calorie products as pressurized by the UK government which stresses on to reduce obesity amongst children.(Red Orbit 2007) .A 10.6% share is held by the bakery products segment in which low-fat potato crisps have a lead. Hence, most of the companies use corn and rice based products to increase die tary element and reduce any chance of gaining

The Appearance Of Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Appearance Of Painting - Essay ExampleIn this painting, there is no real texture which appears as brushwork and impasto. However, the vaulting or noticeable texture appears a little bit on the rocks. A value in this painting includes high-key and low-key. The high key appears almost in the middle visible horizontal line starting from the middle of the building moving towards its right side. The low key value appears on the waves, the clouds, the rocks and the mountains. Together, the high-key and low-key set make a strong contrast as is visible At first sight of the painting.In this painting, space is obviously noticeable. The front theater of operationss overlap the other house and the big mountain behind the house overlaps the other mountain. The rocks as well overlap each other. In addition, the shading in the waves and the clouds indicate space, different sizes, and positions of the buildings, the rocks, and the mountains. The scene of this painting indicates space too as it appears as atmospheric view in this painting.In this painting, colour in appear natural. Appearing in this painting, some of the natural colors is blue(on the waves) and green(on the mountaintop). Some parts of the waves have a tint of blue making them look lighter than blue whereas, some parts of the waves have a wraith of blue making them look darker. This cool color combination gives the painting a peaceful touch and makes the city look like a favourable place to relax and spend a vacation.Looking at the balance of this painting, it is obvious this painting is of asymmetrical.

The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art Essay

The Compromise of Self and identity operator within Indonesian Contemporary Art - Essay ExampleThe essay The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art talks about Indonesian Contemporary Art in the context of Compromise of Self and Identity. The aptitude for intercourse and ability to represent energetic reality is allowing the Indonesian contemporary cunningists to epitomize the most fundamental language. In addition, it has been an observation that any conceptual or elegant expression is always attenuated by a powerful, socio-political-cultural testimony. Perhaps nowhere is this disparity more strikingly seen than the swirling ideas in the exploration of self and identity, which undoubtedly fomented and regenerated repeatedly. even so so, the range of artworks conceived have become the in-between platform and terrain of difference that form their identity. In recent years, the social, political, and cultural reference within the formation of collective high-mindedness has been called into question. The complexity of identity formation has reached a point in which so many versions of the self seem plausible. However, many artists offer a conception of two actual and conceptual self in which they coexist within cultural hybridization occurring in Indonesia. In this conception, the defining features of each self are kept up(p) and encounterable to exist only in relationship to one another, like figure and ground, front stage and back stage as a iodine undifferentiated system of self and identity. In this regard, Indonesian artists today are capable of holding off. every explicit local or ethnic usage while constructing new artistic or cultural traditions within their art. In specific, it is that duality of the idea of expression and ability to associate that gives way to opportunities of significant conversation and powerful presentation of self. Unfortunately, it is observation that Indonesian contemporary art confronts misin terpretation as outsiders do not know the current situation in Indonesia, or that their knowledge on Indonesia is not up-to-date, hence, failing to understand the symbolism, perspective, and scope that the artwork entails. In short, taking consideration of not being present, the artwork becomes insignificant and loses wholeness of its history. What one comprehends as the real identity of Indonesian art is in fact comes with various confrontations and misapplications, which eventually become difficult to be handled constructively. Various statements and answers on what message is actually conveyed in the artwork ultimately only succeed to reveal the fact that the art is still being questioned. Thus, one can understand why at certain times, the principals of art in this country are determined to find the true identity, while threatening all the potence establishment of false identities. The term contemporary Indonesian artor its fractions, art or contemporary, has never been under in stant declaration. Therefore, that term alongside with the awareness in understanding it develops gradually, and has its own contexts within the discourse. Although curator Jim Supangkat was not the pioneer of contemporary art during the significant shift in Indonesian art however, during that time, through his views and in supporting other artists, he was

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Essay

Comparing and Contrasting Ideas About Education Developed by Al Ghazali and Seneca - Essay ExampleAl Ghazali learnt and developed his philosophical companionship in terms of Islamism. At the same time, he was inspired by old-fashioned Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle. He was cogitate on the spiritual dimension of education. He developed Manners to Be Observed by Teachers and Students and was focused on promotion of purity of mind and knowledge as the final and the only one goal in life, because it leads to spirituality and closeness to God. His ideas may be interpreted in the following way both teachers and students atomic number 18 the servants of God, only teachers stay on one step closer to God, then their students. Teachers role in education plays a function of mediation between the spiritual closeness of students to God and God. It is interesting to note that spiritual dimension is the discipline way to learning or knowledge gaining. It is impossible to reach nothing w ithout it. A role of a student is described as a inactive character, who is allowed only to a small portion of knowledge that is enough for his small mind. There is no command for superfluous knowledge. There is an evident subordinate similitude between a student and a teacher. The former should show humility and modesty. Knowledge learning happens as a step-by-step butt. There is a consider to devote your mind to this process in order to gain the highest knowledge. Teacher is an individual with a pure mind, who is able to select the most appropriate portions of knowledge and teach it to his students. There is a need for him to be sincere with his students and to teach them clear things. At these last both points, we can claim that AI Ghazali ideas are relevant to modern teachers and students only partially. Anyone nowadays take care knowledge as a means to develop our minds. It is a means to get a improve job and to gain much money, as a rule. Nevertheless, there is a need to promote tolerant and sincere relations between the students and the teacher, only it is needed to underline a partnership nature of this kind of relations. It can be argued that philosopher underlines the necessity of life-long learning, because modern professionals have excellent skills in one or two fields. It is impossible to be professionals in many fields. It is better to devote ones life to only one selected occupation. Unfortunately, the contemporaries do not consider the process of education as a way to enlightenment or a way to God. With respect to Senecas ideas about learning, we can claim at once that his approach is more up-to-date and interesting for the modern teachers and students. Seneca follows the principle of stoicism, which underline that good life is based on reason and harmony with nature. Therefore, scholarship and virtue are the final goals of education. Wisdom even not always correlated with education, as the philosopher claims. On the one hand, Seneca underlines that virtue comes from knowledge. We develop our minds in the process of learning and make it opener for new horizons. Every person should study and identify his virtue through knowledge. On the other hand, there is no need to learn the integrative elements of any science, such as syllables, curves or diagrams if there is a closed mind. A free man is able to cognize enceinte sciences. They are developed for him. It is not