Qatar sporting legacy Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Qatar betting legacy - Dissertation ExampleHaving won the bid for the 2022 FIFA World loving cup made Qatar the highlight of sports news, as the nation continues to establish and consolidate its position as a boot sporting destination. In line with the economic potential of hosting local and outside(a) sports events, the present study aims to delimitate the social, political and economic concomitantors as the foundation that helped build Qatars sporting legacy. A qualitative approach has been utilized, wherein info collection was processed using interview responses as primary sources, whereas journals, and the like, have been used as secondary coil sources. The study focused on answering the questions, (1) Can Qatar be a viable venue for attribute sports events (2) Does Qatar have the necessary sporting infrastructure, economic and political stability to sustain its sporting legacy on a long term basis, (3) Can other Asian countries sustain a sporting legacy, exchangeable t o what Qatar has done. The researcher was able to determine that Qatar has the resources and the capacity to become a prime venue for h sexagenarianing both international and local sports events, as well as sustain its sports legacy on a long term basis. This is due to the countrys stable economic and political state, as supported by the nations passion towards sports. It has also been found that other Asian economies would that be able to emulate Qatars sporting legacy, given that the factors necessitated in creating one would be present. Chapter 1 Introduction Sports stand to command a diametric place in Qatars social and national life. One primary reason behind this phenomenon is the fact that people in the Middle East do have a special predilection for out-of-door activities. The sports legacy of Qatar is a unique mix of the new developments as well as the age old traditions. This is why, since the last two decades, the government of Qatar has embarked on a unique policy to p romote the local and international sports in Qatar (QSC, 2010). The primary thrust of this policy is to introduce and support new sports like golf, soccer and tennis, patch at the same time encouraging traditional sports like camel racing and horse racing. There is no denying the fact that modern Qatar can proudly boast of some of the best, world class sports facilities. Qatar not only intends to promote sports within the country, but also aspires to evolve into a popular tourist destination. The hosting of international sports events and competitions by Qatar has stimulated and enhanced the interest of the local population in sports (QSC, 2010). The awarding of 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar came as a surprise to most of the Asians, Americans and Europeans. However, the fact is that this Gulf

Concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Concert report - prove ExampleThese impulsions are correspondingly arranged in four sonnets. Again, each of the sonnets is further divided into trey distinct sections. Each of these sections corresponds to each of the three causas in the contriveo. Thus, Vivaldis instrumental music tends to sound particular melodious.The second piece to be discussed is how Vivaldi provides varied instructions throughout the four projectos. In the second movement of the spring, Vivaldi provides the instruction of The barking dog. In the first movement of The summer, he provides the instruction of Languor caused the heat, and in the second movement of the movement of The autumn, Vivaldi provides instruction of the drunkards have fallen asleep. The texture of each of his concerto also varies. However, each seems to resemble the individual concerto.The third piece to be discussed is Nielsens Symphony No.2, Opus 16, The Temperaments. Through this, Nielsen provides and exclusive thrilling musical experience which is described as a depiction of the essential component of human personality. He provided an pure conducting whether he emphasized on accuracy of dynamics, articulation, balance as well as phrasing.In conclusion, Vivaldis Four Seasons Concert was provided an overall thrilling musical experience. The combination of Violinist Nicolas and Thierry Fischer made the concert incredible. Through the concert, I discovered how varied movements and instructions can make a musical concert very appealing to the

Outline the history of excavation and interpretation at great Essay

Outline the history of excavation and interpretation at enormous Zimbabwe. What does this history tell us about colonialist ideolog - Essay ExampleThis archeological site is famous as the place where south- African dry- stone architectural mastery reached its peak. By 1250-80, lucid stone walling were set up at Great Zimbabwe to create enclosures and platforms to support mud- and pole buildings (Phillipson, 2005, pp.52-53). The existence of Zimbabwean culture to the Western ball was reported in the sixteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate by the Portuguese travelers, although existence of Great Zimbabwe itself was not let on until Carl Mauch found stone ruins in Great Zimbabwe in 1871. Carl Mauch, like many other Europeans was of the idea that the biblical city of Ophir and stone buildings such as that of Great Zimbabwe had been built during the time when king Solomon went on to knead the countrys gold reserves(Hall,1905, pp.295-300). This exotic surmise had long been in the be wares of excavators coming to Rhodesian districts of south-Africa in search of the so-called King Solomons Mines, even the excavators from Rhodes BSA bon ton that colonized Zimbabwe in 1890 had embraced this idea. more or less were of the belief that the ruins were constructed by the Phoenicians, Arabians or the Egyptians. This exotic hypothesis was challenged by a professional archeologist named David MacIver in 1905. MacIver dated Great Zimbabwes medieval periodical origins by forming a stratigraphical connection of the stone walls with those of imports from china and Eastern Asia in the fourteenth to sixteenth century AD. This interpretation was completely contradictory to that of the exotic hypothesis and formed the integral part of his essentially African interpretation. It was however outright rejected by the public. The contention regarding the origins of culture of Zimbabwe involves political emotions as well as scientific verification, and criticisms to the exotic hypot hesis are likewise not strong enough (Huffman & Vogel, 1991, pp.61). This project is an attempt to account the history of the excavations in Zimbabwe through ages and how colonialist ideologies waste come into play with emphasis on present political scenario and institutional changes taking place in Zimbabwe now to make it a better place to live in. History of Excavation in Zimbabwe constantly since there has been European settlement in southern parts of Africa since the very beginning of the sixteenth century innumerable expeditions have taken place to search the wealth of the lost civilizations in the remotest of the interiors. However, all such expeditions have invariably ended without any success. This is quite a testimony to the power of well move fables of lost cities and lost treasures. It was in 1871 that Carl Mauch, a spirited, energetic and successful explorer found the Great Zimbabwean ruins for the first time. The theory he proposed became the anthem of the many expl orers exploring the ruins of Rhodesian Zimbabwe. Mauch, through various compelx calculations and an imaginative mind noted that the splinters of wood from the forests were very similar to the wood in his pencil both beingness cedar, thereby indicating only one possibility that this massive stone building was built by none other than the great Queen of Sheba. It was for Mauch only that the vague ideas of a mysterious lost city could be drawn on a map for the very first time. In 1890, the British South Africa Company was captured by Mashonaland and Great Zimbabwe became a victimized possession

Consuming Healthy Fresh Green Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consuming Healthy Fresh Green Foods - Essay pillow slipThe function of this essay is about the divergences in fresh sustenance and can diet. In my opinion, flavors, health benefits, and be are the main factors in our decision to consume either fresh aliment or canned food.I will never forget the taste I experienced one day when I ate fresh veggies from the garden. This was in stark comparison to the taste of the asparaguses, which were kept in oily irrigate in a can. Besides, I did not know how long the vegetable had been there. The look of the soft, moist vegetable was unappetizing compared to the green color and texture and overall taste of fresh food. The main unique difference between these two types of food is in the flavor. Fresh food has a nice texture and the gleaming makes you want to consume even more. Despite this, the vitamins in the vegetable will begin to lessen as soon as the vegetable is picked from the garden and sent onto the consumer.The next comparison b etween fresh food and canned food is the health benefits involved. Fresh food helps to prevent illness. This is especially true for organic food. organic fertiliser food is safe for the human body as it contains more vitamins, calcium, and iron than non-organic food. Organic food is better and tastes better than conventional produce. Fresh vegetables are more beneficial than other types of food. Canned fruit and vegetables look at the same amount of vitamins as fresh food however, this should not be consumed too often as canned food has some chemical factors that are not good for your body and will injury your health in the long term. Today, most canned food is available for people who want to hurt a balanced diet.The price is another huge difference between these two kinds of food. Canned food often entails less cost than fresh food and can be bought throughout the year. Canned food is a lot cheaper than fresh food because not much preparation time has been put in. In many cas es, canned food can be very beneficial for families who have busy

Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Poem - Essay theoretical accountDickinsons exercising of symbolism and personification in describing her journey, or rather, her encounter with death helps bring by(a) her point of view.Dickinsons use of symbolism shows during the drive in the chariot which symbolizes her journey from the living to the dead. She passes from puerility (We passed the school, where Children strove) to maturity (We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain) then to her time of dying (We passed the Setting Sun) then finally to her grave (A Swelling of the Ground). Notably, there is the repetition of the word passed which brings out the theme of symbolism. In stanzas three and four, Dickinson uses the word four times as the carriage symbolically moves down the path of animateness from the children and the grain, which are both living to the time of transition, or death, the setting sun. From this point onwards, the time stops, and it is the sun that passes them. This shows that they passed out of time of the living into the time of eternity where only time can pass them. The transition starts as when the sun sets, and everything becomes dark thus welcoming the damp and cold of the night (dew drew quivering and chill.)The use of personification in the poem occurs in two instances as Dickinson takes us through the drive with death. First, she personifies devastation itself into a gentleman caller because she refers to him as a he, in stanzas 1 and 2 while the break of the stanzas she uses we to show that two people are together. She also uses neat D when mentioning Death thus stressing the position that Death is a name of a gentleman, and all names of people begin with a capital letter. Secondly, Dickinson personifies the setting sun when she refers to it as a he when she says Or rather He passed Us. In this case, she acknowledges the strength of the sun as a point of transition. In the

Chinese Managerial Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chinese Managerial Ethics - Case Study congressmanBoth of these schools of thought taught that the interests of the individual should be of less priority than the interests of the community.It should be no surprise that when companies from horse opera countries piddle arrived in the last thirty years to do business in this new chinaware, they have been surprised by some of the cultural differences. Cultural values in Europe and in the Americas, in some(prenominal) instances, value the individual more(prenominal) than the community. As a result, companies have often gone to China to do business, and come away feeling that they have dealt with a corrupt culture that they had operated under expectations that turned out to be unproven that each person within a Chinese company has a distinct perspective on a given situation, and will even stab each other(a) in the back to gain an advantage (Blackman, 2000). The area of copyright protection is one on which Chinese and many Wester n companies seem to disagree - many Chinese companies appear to have a more relaxed view on copyright violations (Whitman, Townsend, and Hendrickson, 1999).The confusion resulting from the apparent differences in business ethics between many Western companies and their Chinese counterparts has led to a significant interest in the ethical principles governing Chinese management. Kylie Redfern and John Crawford presented An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Modernisation on the Moral Judgement and Managers in the Peoples Republic of China in Cross Cultural Management, a vignette-based survey of managers across China that desire their responses to several ethical scenarios. These managers came from 21 of Chinas 28 provinces, which were ranked by their modernisation using a hit system devised by the authors. The authors combined the provincial scoring system with the attitudinal responses returned by the managers to determine whether managers in more modernised provinces had business ethics that were closer to Western norms than those in less modernised provinces.The research in this paper rests on two assumptions that Individualism and Collectivism (the desire for individual wealth versus the desire to discipline for the greater good of ones party) are in opposition, and that exposure to Western values will cause Chinese managerial ethics to converge toward those found in Western companies. However, there is research that indicates that the Chinese do not necessarily see a polar opposition between the good of the individual and that of the society (Egri, Ralston, Murray, and Nicholson, 1996). This is in large part due to the Chinese concept of guanxi - a concept of business relationships that is different from that held by most Western companies, and may explain a good deal of the confusion that has hindered positive business dealings between Chinese businesses and companies in the West.Guanxi refers to a complex relationship that combines friends hip and partnership, while prizing individual authority as well - a relationship that benefits both the individual and the community. Pye (1992) defines guanxi as a network of dyadic relationships between individuals in which each can make unlimited demands on the otherinvolving reciprocal obligations for assistance(pp. 4-5). This sounds much like the Confucian (and Communist) ideals of sacrificing ones own personal interest for

Hw Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hw - saving or Presentation ExampleCompute the results from a hypothesis test of p1=p2 (with a 0.05 significance level) and a 95% confidence interval estimate of p1-p2A study investigated choice rates for in- hospital patients who suffered cardiac arrests. Among 58593 patients who had cardiac arrest during the day, 11604 survived and were discharged. Among 28155patients who had attacks at night, 4138 survived and were discharged. We want to use 0.01 significance level to test the claim that survival rates argon the same for the days and nights..In a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, insecticide hardened bed nets were tested as a way to reduce malaria. Among the 343 sisters using bed nets, 15 true malaria. Among 294 infants not using bed nets, 27 developed malaria. (Based on data from sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide treated bed nets. By Lindblade et al. Journal of the American medical Associati on.) We want to use a 0.02 significance level to test the claim that the incidence of malaria is trim down 9n infants using bed nets.The results are statistically significant since they provide the information required for statistical estimation. However, the results are not practical since it is not easy to estimate and improve the

NAFTA Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NAFTA Case Study - Essay ExampleNevertheless, this was required if Magma was to survive in the peeled business climate. In particular with the reduction in tariffs in the Mexican auto sector, how should Magma respond?To world with there are problems and opportunities. How should Magma respond to the problems is a good first question. The problem for its managers is that although there are actually low wage employees available there, the Mexican infrastructure and business climate is not easy to roleplay with. Plus, the employees may not cost much, but you get what you pay for (in some respects)many are not highly skilled. The question lining Magmas managers is whether it should follow many of the other manufacturers to Mexico. In some ways, this is not such a big problem. The sort of problems Magma foresees in Mexico are not so different than problems facing its competitors and its customers. E rattling nonpareil is going to have the same limitations. All companies are going to invest in Mexico, but very few are going to jump in with both feet first. Magma should take a cautious plan of attack and should especially review the history of Volkswagen starting up its factory in Mexico. Magma cant stay off having zero presence in Mexico, but it should not immediately put all its eggs in one basket. Shifting a small part of its business to Mexico during a trial period would brook managers with more information on which to base a later decision.Going it slow in the tooth root is important, but Mexico offers a lot of opportunities to Magma. If predictions hold up, a lot of car manufacturing is going to be make in Mexico in the next few years. While there are a lot of initial problems, none of them are all that structural. The fact that employees are not skilled is a temporary one as is the problem of low-grade steel. It go out take time for the market to adjust, but it will adjust, and Mexico will become more competitive. The

Critically consider the position of the 'reasonable person' in both Coursework

Critically consider the position of the reasonable individual in some(prenominal) the laws of contract and negligence. Uses cases and examples from both areas of laws to illustrate your answer - Coursework ExampleIt will critically evaluate the concept and how it intersects with these branches of law. The ponder will review the concepts in light of examples and other aspects of judicial precedence.The reasonable man person results a healthy standard against which a defendants culpability can be evaluated. If he is found to abide behaved as a reasonable person would have under similar circumstances, he might be owed compensation rather than a punitive penalty. (Donovan, 2013, p. 100).This means the concept of a reasonable person exists to provide a basic standard of a expectation that a person of a certain take aim of mental awareness should be able to foresee and deal with. This means that a reasonable person is deduced through an assessment of what an individual will have ide ally considered in similar situations and contexts.The usage of the principle of reasonable person varies across different branches of law. It is utilised in criminal law and may be varied in setting the standard of care or standard of responsiveness based on the category of law that is being discussed.In the law of contract, the standard of a reasonable person is much invoked to examine the actions of a party in relation to a contract that is seen as an arms-length transaction or not. This is meant to ascertain if the contract was fair or not and hence, it provides guidance on how the law was put unitedly and how the legal convention was utilised in dealing with people and in dealing with various processes that culminated in the formulation of the contract.A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two parties with an pattern to create a legal relationship and it goes through the stages of offer, acceptance and mutual exchange of consideration (Hunt, 2014). A contrac t is voluntary and hence, each party must enter the contract willingly and without duress.Therefore, it can be stated that in cases where a person enters a

Screening America in Hollywood Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Screening America in Hollywood aim - Essay ExampleBesides, post- struggle pagan changes affected the society as a whole and this is evident in the portrayal of male and effeminate protagonists in general. Similarly, anxieties around sexual urge identity resulted in the change in traditionalistic gender roles, and it ended up in the formation of realistic role model for the working woman.Within this scenario, it is evident that post-war cultural changes and anxieties around gender identity forced the directors to portray the images of gender in post-war Hollywood cinema with difference. Thesis statement The close examination of the images of gender in post-war Hollywood cinema, considering the ways in which films of this period illustrate both post-war cultural changes and anxieties around gender identity proves that post war cultural changes resulted in the ideal image of professional male and suburban housewife, change in traditional gender roles, the image of working-class m asculinity, the desire for sexual passivity, portrayal of weak male sexuality, female dissatisfaction, worry over changing nature of masculinity, unacceptability towards war-time masculinity, and the portrayal of gender roles as social constructions, and anxieties around gender identity resulted in the change in traditional gender identity, portrayal of tensions between male and female members, changing female role (sexual freedom), conflict with disrupted gender roles, change in gender roles cogitate to free education and loans for loans for homes and businesses, portrayal of the influence of consumerism over female gender role, the general urge to sleeper femininity to domesticity, disrupting home life, and emergence of realistic role model for the working woman (special references to the post-WWII films related to post-war cultural changes and anxieties around gender identity).One can see that the WWII resulted in the mass migration from urban areas to suburban areas inside th e different states in US. To be specific, this can be

Alfred Stieglitz and His the Steerage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alfred Stieglitz and His the Steerage - Essay Examplehe snapshots a rich color and picturesqueness, although Stieglitz said I do not object to retouching, dodging or accentuation as long as they do not interfere with the natural qualities of photographic proficiency (cited in Whelan, 1995). This photo evolutional trend had been called the pictorializm. Snapshots, so much adored by the follower of this stream, were made by the hand camera or the fixed device, scarce in the only unrepeatable moment, and, as a result of a painstaking artistic work they were becoming the unique photo pictures, the art masterpieces. exactly this passion didnt last for a long measure and later it became inexplicable, why the goals posed by the pictorializm can be satisfied only by the photo technology. Alfred Stieglitz, who for nearly 15 historic period was organizing the exhibitions of teenage budding photographers and artists, at first, in the 1900-s was affected an active combination of photography and art, and later, after ten years, his impetus began to pay more attention on the pictorial art itself. New times had come, and pictorializm as a trend became the production of sentimental pictures. So Alfred Stieglitz deeply changes his manner of taking photos. In the 1890-s he was pass the streets with his detective camera and making the reportage photos, not retouching or amplifying them at all. In the later years he talked about the researches of the unknown and said he was looking for the subjects for his works in the sixty yards of his abide door. In those days such considerations were innovatory, that was the time of sentimental, genre, compositional and highart photos , criticized by Emerson, the author of the Naturalistic photography, but still popular in the New-York photo clubs, and these wire-drawn images were hanged... The essay Alfred Stieglitz and his the Steerage gives detailed information about a historied photographer and explores the story of his greatest ph otographs of all time. He was the first who acquainted famous by its conservative views American society with the works of such genius of that time as Picasso, Braque, Rodin, Brancusi, Matisse, Dyushan, Cezanne, Americans Max Lieberman and jam McNeill. Artists and litterateurs concentrated their attention on the searches of new methods for the description of reality, and, thereby. In the first decades of 20-th century the modernism appeared as the complex of artistic trends (futurism, expressionism, cubism, constructivism, surrealism, abstract art etc.), which were advancing till the Second World War. Alfred Stieglitz is a foremen of piktorializm, the editor in chief of an association of amateur photography enthusiasts. But when within the group the division had started, and members of the Camera Club began to maintain his restrictive editorial policies, Stieglitz and several of his friends-photographers ruptured with the Club and established the Photo-Secession group. Photo port raits Made by Stieglitz were pellucid and profound, capitally showing their dispositions. In the 1925 all his works were demonstrated in the gallery of Mitchell Kennerly. But the most famous his work is The Steerage. It was captured in 1907 on the lower deck of one of the largest ships in the world at that time because the snapshot had chased the lower class passengers area, known on most ships as the steerage.

Abortions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abortions - Essay ExampleThese views have been termed as pro-life and pro-choice. Those who are against the abortion moot that there is something needs to be done to preserve life. They accept that the government has a duty of preserving all told human life (Pro-choice Action Network 1). This view is typically held by the mainstream churches such as the Roman Catholic Church. On the other hand, those who support abortion conceive that a person has a right to their own productive means (Pro-choice Action Network 1). plenty not affiliated to mainstream churches usually hold this view. These have been described as pro-choice. These people believe that all choices must remain valid. The stands have generated a serious conflict on the depicted object of abortion. Such believe on the issue of abortion are rooted on science and religion. Therefore, any view tries to enkindle its stance on the issue of abortion. A reflection on abortion helps in understanding pro-choice and pro-life p osition. There is different postmodern worldview based on pro-choice position on the issue of abortion. These views have been in support of abortion and have come to be known as prochoice. The worldview has make it possible for abortion to be viewed as a simple thing. In fact, most of the people in favor of abortion believes that abortion is as easy as taking of pill.

Two Requirements of Mental State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two Requirements of Mental State - strive ExampleIn order to understand such concepts, this paper will use the case of a friend who was recently involved in an accident and cannot be allowed to leave hospital since the doctors are shy of the students moral state. Doctors claim that her brain is not mean(prenominal) whereas she has a clear shop of the accident and behaves in the same way as before. In my opinion of whether the hospitalized friend ha rational states or not, I believe that one can have a kind state level off without an organic brain. Moreover, behaving like a human being does not prove that one has a affable state. The hospitalized friend does not show a normal range of psychogenic states, but she shows some mental states.All the doctors in the cases have different perspectives on mental state. Their arguments represent different philosophical theories. The low gear doctor claims that mental states are type-identical to states of the human brain and since the patient in our case lacks a normal brain, he cannot have mental states. Doctor two said that the patient had some mental states since he could behave exactly like others but insisted that the patient did not have all of mental states. and then in doctor twos view, right mien is only a necessary characterise of mental states. Doctor three believes that mental states required a Cartesian soul. Dr. four disagrees and claims that same behavior is sufficient for mental states. Dr. Five rejected that human brain is necessary for mental states. In addition, he claims that if what in the patients head is a digital computer, then he cannot have mental states. All doctors are represent some philosophical theories. Dr. 1 is an identity theorist, 2 believes functionalism and Dr. 3 is a Cartesian. Dr. 4 is behaviorist and 5 represents parts of John Searles view that against machine can perchance think. This paper will focus on discuss Dr 1 and Dr 5.It is important to understand what a menta l

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Economic - Essay interpreterIn the next segment of the paper, the cause and returnss of Trans Pacific Partnership related to international trade agreements that has occasion the headline of The New York Times impart also be examined.As per the reports of The Washington Post, the gaseous state appraiseation has been static at 18.4 cents per gallon since 1993, as no Federal government has taken initiatives to increase the tax consider in last 20 years. However, as the oil price dropped by 40% in June 2014, many states considered reviewing the rate of the long-static federal gasoline tax. However, such increment in gasoline tax rate involves certain pros and cons as well as economic consequences (Ferguson 153).As per the newspaper report, the most important benefit that the US economy will experience from increasing gasoline tax can be attributed as the potential environmental benefits which may arise from decline in use of crude oil and gasoline. The principle is based on the connotation that, in case of a higher tax on gasoline and its sub products, the citizen would opt for preferences such as public transportation instead of personal car that will definitely bring social benefits in real sense. Moreover, as the total revenue obtained from gasoline tax is utilized in the Federal Highway Trust Fund, the Congress is planning to contribute the additional silver accumulated from the incremented tax rate for the purpose of reducing budget deficit.The US government is also of the sagaciousness that as increment in the US gasoline tax will encourage the citizen for using alternative sources of energy such initiative will reduce dependence of US government on the largest conflicting suppliers of crude oil, OPEC which in turn will bring higher stability in the entire American economy. According to the notion of Ex President, Mr. George W. Bush, high level of dependency in turn jeopardizes the economic suppuration to a

Minimalist visual artists and composers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Minimalist visual artists and composers - Essay physical exertionmain characteristics of minimalist art that I really like hold simplicity of the content, absence seizure of anecdotical content and narration, monochromatic surfaces, and emphasis on shapes instead of backgrounds. However, I do not like the absence of aesthetic qualities in the minimalist artworks. In case of minimalist music, the things I like the most include use of single pulse and rhythm, use of same beats, simple and repetitive harmonies, and static instrumentation. What I do not like about minimalist music is lack of a real melody in the songs. In minimalist compositions, a single effect is maintained all through the song, which sometimes appears a little boring to me. An example of this form of music is that of The Desert Music by Stephen Michael Reich. In this composition, Reich has utilise the repeated chords, same harmonic material, same harmonic progressions, and the same text that reflect the adherence o f Reich to the staple fiber characteristics of the minimalist

Allegory of the Cave in Platos Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Allegory of the sabotage in Platos Book - Essay ExampleOne question that thinkers want to answer in the metaphor of the cave is who is the liberator? The fact that this allegory had a symbolic meaning to the manner in which true friendship is achieved, gives room for many thinkers to deduce that the Liberator is the philosopher. In fact, as atomic number 53 may realize, Socrates advised on the need for those who have seen light to go back and pass the very light to those in the darkness. This would mean, philosophers, taking function in passing true fellowship to those who are yet to receive knowledge.First, Socrates claimed that the prisoners were in a locked cave, set up from birth and unable to move their bodies and could only stare straight at the wall of the cave. This situation would limn human being in the world of the unknown. Moreover, Socrates believed that a person had an inner knowledge that only needful to be shaped, rather than being taught by the teachers. Th at would be symbolic to the prisoner who only needed a springboard to let him make the first movement towards enlightenment.Secondly, the prisoners in the cave are portrayed as only able to see the shadows of real visible things (Bloom, 1991). This phrase would symbolize human being in the sense where they lack true knowledge of real things that exist. In such circumstances, people would reason under conditions of the depravity of knowledge and imagine that they know everything, yet the true knowledge is hidden from them. Nevertheless, when either the inhering force or the external force triggers the already existing knowledge, they would come to realize the true knowledge and live in it.Some of the factors may prevent one from perceiving reality. One is the fear to accept the reality. Here, one may realize that most people would not like to accept the change and cope with it.

Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Climate qualify EssayClimate dislodge is a significant and lasting change in the statistical scattering of prevail patterns everyplace periods ranging from decades to millions of eld. It whitethorn be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distri furtherion of weather around the average conditions (i.e., much(prenominal) or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), variations in solar shaft of light received by reason, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world these latter effects atomic recite 18 currently causing global warming, and climate change is often used to describe human-specific clashings. Causes of climate changeNatural causesContinental driftYou may impart noniced several(prenominal)thing peculiar virtually South the States and Africa on a map of the world dont they seem to fit into each other like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle? About 200 million years ago they were joined in concert Scientists believe that back then, the worldly concern was not as we see it today, but the continents were all part of cardinal large getmass. Proof of this comes from the similarity between plant and animal fossils and broad belts of rocks found on the east coastline of South America and western coastline of Africa, which ar now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean.The denudation of fossils of tropical plants (in the trope of ember deposits) in Antarctica has led to the conclusion that this frozen land at virtually time in the past, must birth been situated closer to the equator, where the climate was tropical, with swamps and plenty of lush vegetation. The continents that we be familiar with today were formed when the landmass began sluggishly drifting apart, millions of years back.This drift also had an impact on the climate because it changed the physical features of the landmass, their po sition and the position of pissing bodies. The separation of the landmasses changed the flow of ocean currents and winds, which impact the climate. This drift of the continents continues even today the Himalayan range is rising by about 1 mm (millimeter) every year because the Indian land mass is moving towards the Asian land mass, slowly but steadily. VolcanoesWhen a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), wet vapor, form, and ash into the atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may last only a few days, yet the large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years. Millions of tons of sulphur dioxide gas can reach the upper levels of the atmosphere (called the stratosphere) from a major eruption. The gases and dust particles partially block the incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling. Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form tiny droplets of sulphuric acid. These droplets argon so small that galore(postnominal) of t hem can stay aloft for several years.The earths rivalryThe earth makes unmatched full orbit around the sun each year. It is contentioned at an angle of 23.5 to the perpendicular monotone of its orbital path. For one half of the year when it is summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun. In the other half when it is winter, the earth is tilted away from the sun. If there was no tilt we would not catch experienced oceansons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can necessitate the severity of the appeases more tilt manner warmer summers and colder winters less tilt means cooler summers and milder winters. The Earths orbit is somewhat elliptical, which means that the distance between the earth and the Sun varies over the course of a year.We usually think of the earths bloc as being fixed, after all, it always seems to charge up toward Polaris (also known as the Pole Star and the North Star). Actually, it is not quite constant the axis does move, at the rate of a littl e more than a half-degree each century. So Polaris has not always been, and will not always be, the star pointing to the North. When the pyramids were built, around 2500 BC, the pole was near the star Thuban (Alpha Draconis). This gradual change in the direction of the earths axis, called precession is responsible for changes in the climate. Ocean currentsThe oceans ar a major component of the climate system. They cover about 71% of the Earth and absorb about twice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. Ocean currents move vast piths of fondness across the planet roughly the same amount as the atmosphere does.But the oceans are environ by land masses, so waken transport through the water is through channels. Ocean currents have been known to change direction or slow down. Much of the heat that escapes from the oceans is in the form of water vapour, the most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth. Yet, water vapor also stands to the formation of clouds, which wraith the surface and have a net cooling effect. Any or all of these phenomena can have an impact on the climate, as is believed to have happened at the end of the last Ice Age, about 14,000 years ago.Human causesGreenhouse gases and their sourcesCarbon dioxide is undoubtedly, the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Changes in land use pattern, deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a rise in the firing off of carbon dioxide. Methane is another important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. About of all methane discharges are tell to come from domesticated animals such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, buffaloes, camels, horses, and sheep. These animals produce methane during the cud-chewing process Methane is also emitted from landfills and other furious dumps. If the waste is put into an incinerator or burnt in the open, carbon dioxide is emitted.Methane is also emitted during the process of oil drilling, coal mining and a lso from leaking gas pipelines (due to accidents and poor maintenance of sites). A large amount of nitrous oxide emission has been attributed to fertilizer application. This in turn depends on the type of fertilizer that is used, how and when it is used and the methods of tilling that are followed. Contributions are also made by leguminous plants, such as beans and pulses that add nitrogen to the soil.How we all contribute every dayAll of us in our daily lives contribute our bit to this change in the climate. Give these points a good, serious thought Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated primarily from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petr ol or diesel, both fossil fuels. We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the environment for many years and cause damage. We use a huge touchstone of paper in our work at schools and in offices. Have we ever thought about the public figure of trees that we use in a day? Timber is used in large quantities for construction of houses, which means that large areas of forest have to be cut down. A growing population has meant more and more mouths to feed. Because the land area available for agriculture is limited (and in fact, is actually shrinking as a result of ecological degradation), high-yielding varieties of work are being grown to append the agricultural issue from a given area of land. However, such high-yielding varieties of crops require large quantities of fertilizers and more fertilizer means more emissions of nitrous oxide, both from the field into which it is put and the fertilizer industry that makes it. Pollution also results fr om the run-off of fertilizer into water bodies.Effects of Climate Change TodayOver coke years ago, people worldwide began enthusiastic more coal and oil for homes, factories, and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These added greenhouses gases have caused Earth to warm more quickly than it has in the past. Sea level is rising. During the 20th century, sea level move up about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches) during the 21st Century, dense coastal communities, wetlands, and precious coral reefs. Arctic sea ice is melting.The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic. Glaciers and permafrost are melting. Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in all area s of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenlands ice sheet is melting faster too. Sea-surface temperatures are warming. Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the worlds coral reefs in the last few decades. some of the coral animals died after weakened by bleaching, a process tied to warmed waters.The temperatures of large lakes are warming. The temperatures of large lakes world-wide have risen dramatically. Temperature rises have increased algal blooms in lakes, favor invasive species, increase stratification in lakes and lower lake levels. Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions. Warmer temperatures have led to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding. Extreme drouth is increasing. Higher temperatures cause a higher rate of evaporation and more drought in some areas of the world. Crops are withering. Increased temperatures and extreme drought are causing a decline in crop productivity around the world.Decreased crop productivity can mean food shortages which have many social implications. Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures warm, species may either move to a cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coral reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also caused changes in the timing of spring events and the length of the growing season. Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength. There is evidence that the number of intense hurricanes has increased in the Atlantic since 1970. Scientists continue to study whether climate is the cause.More frequent heat waves. It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas of the world. Warmer temperatures affect human health. There have been more deaths due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the pollen season grows longer. There have also been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosqui toes. Seawater is comme il faut more acidic. Carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans, is making seawater more acidic. There could be impacts on coral reefs and other marine life.

The Thomson Corporation Essay Example for Free

The Thomson Corporation EssayThe Thomson Corporation and its subsidiaries, with headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut, and operations in 37 countries, provide information services to business and professional customers worldwide. The family-owned organization operates through five segments Thomson Legal, Thomson Tax and Accounting, Thomson Financial, Thomson Scientific, and Thomson Healthcare.The social club began its roots with Roy Thomson who in 1934 acquired a newspaper in Canada, The Timmins Press. The company started out as a event company but eventually branched out to become an information and knowledge based conglomerate. Thomsons face was so simple others soon mimicked it Carve a lot out of a little. He scooped up small-town dailies and dished out the least costly product he could sell. (Prochnau) Thomsons vision is to be the conduct global provider of integrated information-based solutions to business and professional customers. The company plans to achieve this by delivering superior shareholder value by empowering people to provide indispensable information, insight, productivity tools and services that help the companys customers succeed.Commitment to the people is the Thomson Corporations core value that directs and sustains the companys operational strategies and objectives. In 2006 the Thomson Corporation successfully executed on its strategic and operational priorities, and delivered strong financial results. Thomson has never been in a stronger position strategically, operationally and financially with $6.6 billion in revenues from continuing operations, up 8% from the results of the previous(prenominal) year. Moreover, the company gave back nearly $1 billion to shareholders through dividends and the filiation buyback program. In may of this year, the organization gained more ground in an unprecedented takeover of news and data giant, Reuters for 8.7 billion pounds ($17.2 billion). Thus, do the combined Thomson-Reuters market va lue to exponentially increase to $35 billion. Thomson Financial and Reuters financial and media businesses will be merged and renamed Reuters, and will be run by American Devin Wenig, who is currently Reuters chief operating officer. aft(prenominal) this acquisition, the Thomson family will still own 53% of the combined businesses. The Corporations common shares are listed on the New York and Toronto stock exchanges (NYSE TOC TSX TOC).Works CitedProchnau, William. In Lord Thomsons Realm. American Journalism Review October1998 44+.Rogers, Gareth. Lord Who Ran publisher Empire in City. South Wales Echo 20 June2006 22.The Thomson Corporation Annual Report 2006.Thomson Clinches Pounds Sterling8.7bn Reuters Buy. Evening regular London 15May 2007 NA.Thomson Corporation. 2007. 23 October 2007 http//www.thomson.com/about/Thomson Corporation (TOC). Yahoo Finance. 23 October 2007http//finance.yahoo.com/q?s=TOC

Lifestyle Choices Essay Example for Free

lifestyle Choices EssayThe phrase Lifestyle Choices is a queryed article that talks about the economy and how changes affect the people within it. The Starter research article contains informative information on daily lives about health care, in todays modern golf-club we go through various choices in life and contrastive walks in situations prevail it financial situations, family issues or even work related problems. This article shows how to outweigh the bad to good and usage good habits to create a better lifestyle. This research goes back and covers the last thirty years go out back when technology was the grounds of being formed.Somethings I enjoy about life is the situation that grounds for technology were being formed when I as a baby had no intimacy or use of it, such as the children(s) today. Social class determines your lifestyle form of living its the group you belong to based upon your financial situations. This is one research that washbowlnot be control or compulsive you can be an upper class soul or a lower class person and sometime due to the luck of a draw it can flip anytime. Thats what I like about the topic Assessing Class because their no way unless you have no improvements to access another class.What I learned from this article is that hasnt shy away from any topics considering our lifestyle issues and situations. It clearly states the factors of social classes a great overview of information. This article very much fits into sociology as it apart of our daily lives which includes the study of human night club and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. The major findings come from the data or series of surveys that has been done over decades of studys which loosely includes volunteers to complete most studies.Lifestyle studies can be best examined through ethnicity our race, age, and suburban areas of residency and versed preferences. This information was supported and document by Michael Sobel (1 983) which he states, acknowledges, and compares sociology to our daily lifestyle as a method of living. He also presents the concept of stylistic unity by which he means the patterns of behavior which bring to pass that lifestyle are empirically common i.e., similar patterns are shared by a decent number of others, relative to all others.This article fits well with chapter 1 (Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life) under Marginality and Crisis. I believe it fits here because its bringing the recipe for looking at the worlds society from a sociological perspective. What is used to reshape the economy and separate them though classes. The difference between this article that sets it apart from non-scholarly periodicals, such as newspaper and magazine is the fact that non-scholarly periodicals are mainly used to entertain. This diary has an abstract, a descriptive summary, and properly cited.Non-Scholarly are not completely from a known reference work it can be made up and the timing of the report can be inaccurate at times. They process a different audience. What I find similar of the two is they can be found in the same place or setting it is up to the reader to select the one needed as far as common within there is none they are two completely different types of sources and everything must be documented or researched differently. From the introduction, word fonts to work cited they are done accordingly to source or audience.Work CitedResearch Starters Sociology https//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rstAN=37219700site=ehost-livescope=site John J Macionis, Sociology, The thirteenth Edition, The Sociological Perspective, 2010, 2008, 2007 (Pg.5-6)

Cell Structure Essay Example for Free

Cell Structure EssayAfter completing the exercise, I was able to a) Prep ar the specimens for staining. b) Observe and identify the unique and typical social anatomical structures of the microscopic world. c) Identify and use divers(prenominal) stains for contrastive types of organelles. Introduction Cell is the simplest unit of life as we see it now. All organisms are do from prison cellph matchlesss. It is first explained by Robert Hooke in the year 1665 and it is now known to be of almost universal position in organisms. Cell theory refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in all(prenominal) financial backing thing. Development of this theory during the mid 1600s was made possible by advances in microscopy. In the power structure of biological organization, the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. There are diverse forms of life that comprise as single-celled organism or complex organism. Though in general, most cells are sim ilar, they good-tempered show considerable diversity especially in their contents, shape and function. However, with the creation of microscope, scientists and researchers are able to analyse the specimen of a cell and identify its different structure.Big structures such as the cell wall, cell membrane and nucleus could be seen under the light microscope. Nevertheless, some smaller structures are still withal small to be identified without first staining it. Stains can be used to enhance line of business in microscopy image. The choices of stain are important because different stains react or concentrate in different parts of a cell or tissue. This can be seen when acetocarmine stains the nucleus and its contents iodine consequence stains starch grains. Through this experiment, we will be able to determine the structures in the cell.Results and Discussion I. Epidermal Cells of Plants pitiable power The diagram move is the hurrying layer of the cell of the Rheo Discolours le af. From the diagram, we can see that the cells structured together, that is it seems to be a layer of over-lapped place cells. several(prenominal) of the cell find rhombus shaped object. Most of the cells have thick cell wall. After adding the stain iodine, the nucleus of the cell can be seen clearly on the few cells with a few smaller dark spots, that is the starch grains. High power The diagram drawn above shows the lower side of the Rheo Discolours leaf cells.While the upper aerofoil has the simple structures such as cell membranes, cell walls and vacuole, the lower structure consists of all that and also a clearer view of the epidermal cells of the leaf. When magnified, the obligate cells and also the stomata. The guard cells are lip-shaped, surrounding the stomata. Most of the cells have thick cell wall, with signs of the parenchyma cells on the surface layer and the lower layer of the cell. There are signs of collenchymas especially when there are thickening about the edges of the cell wall when some(prenominal) corners are fall in at the cell wall on both surfaces.The lower surface have definitely larger amount of guard cells and stoma compare to the upper surface of the leave. The cell that contains green plastids is the guard cells which contain the chloroplast. II. Cell Wall and Middle Lamellae The structure drawn above is the transverse section of celery cell. The cell wall is seen from the microscope, surrounding the structure and keeping it intact. A cross-section of a celery sample is composed of m each cells. Transparent cells are in pith, vascular tissues and endodermis.Endodermis is homogeneous a border between the interior(a) and outer parts of a leaf. In the inner part of the leaf, the vascular tissue can be seen quite clearly grouped together, although the difference whether it is a xylem or phloem is indistinguishable. Collenchyma cell can also be seen in this cell when the walls are joined angularly at the corners. The fine channel in the cellulose that connects the adjacent cells is the plasmodemata. III. Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces) The cell drawn above is the structure of the yeast cell which is small when observed under the microscope.Yeast is a tiny form of fungus kingdom or plant-like microorganism ( viewable only under a microscope) that exists in or on all living matter. Inside the yeast, one could see the nucleus, which are the dark colour dots, a liquid solution of protoplasm, protein, fatten out and mineral matter that the yeast is mainly composed of and the dark patches called the vacuole. However, it can be seen that the yeast cells do have irregular shaped cell walls. In a way, yeast cell resembles the plant cells as they also have a cell wall. Budding is a type of asexual reproduction usually seen in yeast cells.New individuals will arise from the outgrowths of existing ones. Budding allows the cell to grow without the partnership of the egg and sperm cell. Therefore, individual cells can also reproduce without a mate. I can leave off that yeast is neither a plant nor an animal cell it is a type of fungi like mushroom. IV. Blood cells The structure above shows the drawing of the red blood cells. The red blood cells are so small that none of the structures are distinguishable. However, I could be sure that the red blood cell does non contain any nucleus. It is irregular in shape, so the cell wall is also absent.The blood cells in general clump together. They differ from the regular animal cell in the sense that it does not contain any nucleus whatsoever and it has no starch grains. The red blood cell is surrounded by a type of liquid, named the plasma. V. Spirogyra Cells The Spirogyra cells are cells that consist of a chain of elongated cells joined end to end. It consists of the basic structure seen in the plant cells, which is cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, small starch grains and most importantly the chloroplast which is the most visible under the micros cope.The chloroplast consists of stacks of grana that can be seen clearly spiraling along the elongated cells. Chloroplast is important for the plant during photosynthesis as it converts sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen and energy. VI. Flagellum The cell drawn above is the Euglena cells. It is a one body cell that exists individually. It is very small even under the microscope and is barely visible even with staining. The euglena cell is green in colour. However it is not a plant cell because the shape is an irregular shape. round of the Euglena has a tail structure that comes from the top of the cell.This tail is called the flagellum. It seems that the flagellum is its mode of transport. Conclusion In a cell, whether an animal or a plant cells or cells from other groups in the animal kingdom, there are also smaller molecular structures that can only be seen with a high power microscope. Some structures require staining in order to be visible to the eye even with a microscop e. either staining is unique in order to see certain structures of the cell. Different types of cells have different structures and shapes. all(prenominal) cell has their own special characteristics in these structures.

Uptown, Dakota and Powermaster Case Study Essay Example for Free

upt take in, Dakota and Powermaster Case Study seeIn 1989, R.J. Reynolds announced to introduce a plan for uptown, the cigargonttes designed to target at black smoking carriages. However, Uptown never reached the shelves beca economic consumption the opposition of more or less evoke conclaves. In 1990, R.J. Reynolds begun to sell Dakota, which were a new cig artte grunge targeted primarily at 18 to 24 years old young-bearing(prenominal). In 1990, the alcohol producer Heileman brew guild launched a new full(prenominal)-alcohol drink PowerMaster, in order to targeted at black customers. R.J. Reynolds tobacco Co. and G. Heileman create from raw material Co. targeted the minority and ethnic congregations. The cleavage merchandise outline of the cigargontte and alcohol participation induced some list marketing problems (Smith, 1995).II. Ethical Issues of the partnershipThe ethical issue of R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman brew was the same they targeted the consumer s egments viewed as threatened with the unhealthy products. Although marketing segmentation is an important marketing system for the political party, the introduction of Uptown, Dakota and PowerMaster affirm resulted in controversy and even criticized as wrong because the products targeted at those people who are in lower income and with fewer reproduction experience.2.1 Ethical Issues Related Uptown and Dakotasource http//www.naaapi.org/documents/uptown.aspWith sales amount declining, R.J. Reynolds announced to introduce Uptown to look for new customers. Uptown is designed according to the black customers capital punishment with lighter menthol and upside down filter. Uptown was aerated for its misleading advertisement message brought more disease to a group with steep fume illness and mortality (Richard J, 1998). Although the plan of Uptown was cancelled because of the sinewy against of the social interest groups, the companys segmentation dodge was implemented via othe r brands such as Dakota. Dakota targeted young female through the use of younger slim models and the advertisement slogan to mislead the young women smokers. Most of the targeted customers of Dakota were white female with high school degrees or blue-collar workers. They were so young to have good self-control awareness or the ability to judge true or false from the advertisement. And the company advocated Dakota as slim cigarettes and appealed the young female customers with misleading message.2.2 Ethical Issues Related to PowerMasterPowerMaster is a malt liquor that drawn criticism from health organizations, which charged the company promoted the products to poor blacks and inner-city neighborhoods. According to the investigation of these organizations, alcohol was connected to many serious social problems, such as suicide and family violence. And the black men had a 40 percentage higher death of liver cancer than the white people (Bureau of National Affairs, 1991).(Source http/ /www.google.com.au/search?q=powermasterhl) III. Relevant Interactions and Connections of the Stakeholders There are eleven stakeholders mired in this case study. In the following part, I willing use the stakeholder interaction model to appoint the specific stakeholders and the relevant interactions and connections among them. And find how they think and value the ethical issues and their decision.The stakeholder interaction model(Source Maignan, Ferrell and Ferrell, 2003)3.1 beau monde (Management) party R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (RJR) G. Heileman Brewing Co. Senior administrator RJRs CEO RJRs Marketing VP Peter Hoult translator Marketing VP of Philip Morris Co. Both of the companies were under the heavy pressure to improve the marketing share of their products and create more profits to both the shareholders and employees. The business performance of the company will influence relationship with local politics, participation and suppliers. The senior administrators introduced the mew brand to customers, and explain the controversy from the perspective of the company. They provided and applied the segmentation marketing strategy and targeted at the unguarded customers. They believed that the targeted customers have right to buy the products that fit their preference, the introduction of new products wont change the whether they buy or non. Targeting at some special groups is just a tactic of marketing choice.3.2 CustomersThey want the products that better need their needs, and the products are available in the right places with the right prices. The choice of customers will decide the companys operating condition and employees welfare. And the employees produce the products and sell them to customers. Interest groups were feeling forward to nurtureing the health of them. Customers pay tax to brass therefore, the government should make efforts to protect their judicial interests. Customers have rights to buy alcohol and cigarettes, but some customer s may mislead by the unethical strategy of the company and bring bad effect to themselves.3.3 GovernmentSenate National CoalitionThe government should be credideucerthy for the citizens health, when the company introduce the harmful products to the customers and bring bad social impacts, the government can act upon and administrate the company through tax or laws.3.4 CommunityIn this case, the community leaders charged the promotion of alcoholic products of G. Heileman Brewing Company which are targeted at the black and Latino neighborhoods resulted in a series of social problems (Folt,1991). The Community provides the company with physical and social infrastructure that allows the company to do business.3.5 SuppliersThe suppliers are business partners of the companies, they want to maintain long-term and trusted relationships with the company.3.6 ShareholdersIn this case, the shareholders were the people who bought the stocks of the R.J. Reynolds Company and G. Heileman Brewing C ompany. They were grant to get the profits of the enterprises in the form of dividends and they valued to maximum their return on the investment. Shareholders also wanted the company to behavior ethically and gain good reputation, however in some instance the stockholders strong desire to get profits may push the company conduct unethical marketing strategy in order to meet the commitments to the shareholders.3.7 EmployeesThe employees and shareholders mutually influenced each other, employees wanted to get reward consistent with their performance in the company. They brought economic profits to the stockholders, and they hoped their welfare could be improved as a return. Although employees of R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman Brewing were not the direct business decision makers, they produced and sold the unethical cigarettes and alcohol to the vulnerable customers. And as a particle of company, their welfare is related to whether the customers choose their products or not. When the y loss the trust of customers they will also lose their own interests.3.8 Special Interest GroupsPublic Health OrganizationsHealth and Human Services Secretary The Womens lawn tennis Association Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Public Health officials (Louis W. Sullivan Reed Tuckson operating surgeon General Koop) They have activities against the company and give information to the customers via the mess media. They criticized the Tabaco and alcohol company giving misleading information to the venerable customers and exploited profit from the poor, young, black and Hispanics groups. The special interest groups try to stop the unethical business strategies of the companies through boycotts and giving macrocosm censure to the government agency in order to protect he customers from unhealthy habits and behavior.3.9 Trade AssociationsThe Beer Institute Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) The trade organization is an organization in the same trade formed to further their collative interests. The relative Trade Associations has the power of giving approval of apply the label and also has the rights to use the related policies and regulations within their industry to control the behavior of the enterprises. In this case, BATF pushed G. Heileman Brewing Company to drop the word power.3.10 CompetitorsPhilip Morris Co. BAT Industries Black Sunday Crazy Horse St Ides. The marketing shortage of the companys competitors may give the decision maker some enlightenment. And the company may imitate competitors profitable products and transfer its attention to the new area, do research on the new products in order to compete with others. In the case, Philip Morris is the leading cigarette company provides young female smokers with the brand Marlboro. The strategy of Phillip Morris pushed R.J. Reynolds into targeting at young female customers.3.11 Mess MediaThe black oriented newspapers and magazines such as Jet and jet black Other media Commenta tor of the media New York Times Beverage World Fortune. The target marketing oriented media produce alcoholic drinks and Tabaco advertisements to the customers, which may induce the prevalence of smoking. Other media reported on the protest against targeting at vulnerable customers. The Commentator of the media offered the customers with insightful analysis of the target marketing products and give suggestions to officials in the health organizations.IV range the StakeholderIt is necessary to understand the relationships of all the stakeholders involved in the activity of the company or the interest groups. Having a good management of the relationships with each kind of stakeholder will be beneficial to the performance of that organization. The following two lists showing a rank of the stakeholders involved in the business activities of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company from the perspectives of the two companies and interest groups respectively.The shar eholders hold the stocks of the company, in other words they can decide the companys fate, and its the companys obligation to maximize the stakeholders benefits, So R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company ranked their own shareholders in the most important place. Employees can provide research, manufacturing and sales services to the customers, their blessedness of working conditions and welfares will influence their performance during the working period and then directly influence the companys operating performance. Customers are usually regarded as the most important stakeholders. No company will operate well if it cannot persuade customers to buy its products. Therefore, both R.J. Reynolds and G. Heileman designed new brand products to the customers in order to increase their marketing share and get more profits. But they used wrong marketing segmentation strategies, and brought bad effects to the vulnerable groups that they are targeted at.4.2 From the int erest groups perspective 1 Customers2 Community3 Mass Media4 Employees5 Government6 Trade Association7 Shareholders8 Suppliers9 Company10 CompetitorsIn this case, all the interest groups involved in are the noneconomic public health organizations such as Health and Human Services Secretary The Womens tennis Association Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and so on. These noneconomic interest groups seek the solutions of the public concerns and issues. They against the tobacco and alcohol companies targeted at some vulnerable customers, and sold harmful products to these customers with unethical ways. Therefore, from the interest groups perspective, the interests of the customers should be ranked in the fist place.The basic meaning of Community is a group of people living in the same locality and the same government (Wikipedia). The ultimate objective of the interest groups is solving the social issues that they concerned and about and then improve the total living stan dards of the community. And the Community provides the company with physical and social infrastructure that allows the company to do business. Therefore, when a company was failed to exercise its obligations, the Community has the concern to interdict its unethical behavior (Patrick 2004). In the case, the boycott and other against activities of the interest groups are under the detain and assistance of the mess media. The media not only gave the pressure to the unethical companies, but also showed right steerage of public opinion.V Alternative Courses of Action and Recommendation5.1 Alternative Courses of Action Recommendations for Company For R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and G. Heileman Brewing Company, they should rank the customers in the first order rather than their own interests. Although marketing segmentation is an usable strategy in some conditions, the marketers of the alcoholic and tobacco industry should not target at the groups who are vulnerable due to their dis advantages in income, knowledge, age, life circumstance and so on. The alcoholic makers should provide the obvious mark with the information of the content, serving size the macronutrients, and the hazard of over drinking. The companies should participate more in the charitable activities, process and sponsor the people who suffer from the bad disease may caused by their products in order to have a better implementation of social responsibility.5.2 Alternative Courses of Action Recommendations for Interest Groups For the interest groups, they should help and didactics these vulnerable citizens directly with informative knowledge and cooperate with government rather than only criticizing the cigarettes and alcohol company. Cooperating with the government in order to better restrict unethical business strategies in alcoholic and tobacco industry. The government could use more methods to regulate and administrate the enterprise behavior through tax and law. Providing tobacco-use pr evention courses in the school. The general awareness of the smoking harms health should be introduced since the primary school and reinforced in the high school in order to increase the successful rate of preventing tobacco for the young people. Encouraging the family members of the smoker or alcoholic drinker to persuade them giving up the unhealthy products or reduce the measuring of consumption.ReferenceSmith, N 1995, Case Study Uptown, Dakota, and PowerMaster, Communication in moving in Internal and External, P54-58. Patrick, E, Gene, R, Norman, E Thomas, A 2004, Ethical marketing, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Grace, D Coken, S 2005, Business ethics problems and cases, Oxford, New York. Fisher, C Lovell, A 2006, Business ethics and values individual, corporate and international perspective ,Pearson Education, Harlow. Warner, K, Goldenhar, L1992, Targeting of cigarette advertising in US markets, Tobacco Control, vol.25, P30. http//www.naaapi.org/documents/uptown.asphttp// www.google.com.au/search?q=powermasterhlRichard, J 1998, Life in a Business oriented society, Allyn and Bacon, Boston. Smith, C Martin, E 1997, morality and target marketing the role of product harm and consumer vulnerability, Journal of Marketing,vol.61, P1-20.

Literature Search Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Literature Search Worksheet analyseSelect a literature search topic relevant to your practice. The topic must be sufficiently delineated in scope without being trivial. You will revisit this hold in the Week louvre presentation. Possible topics include but are not limited toNon-pharmacological pain relief with childbirthpersonal effects of shift work and fatigue on medication errors outgo practices for pin site care keep satisfaction in magnet hospitalsAccurate temperature assessment methods in neonatesPain assessment in the cognitively impairedd type II diabetes and obesityComplementary and alternative therapies for control of menopausal symptoms Best practices in nurse-led smoking cessation classesThermoregulation in the operating liveBest practices for pain assessment and vigilance in specified area of practiceComplete the table belowWhich topic did you choose?Thermoregulation in the operating roomWhich tether databases will you use?1.EBSCO host2.Proquest3.GoogleSearch each database, using bring up words, for relevant research on this subject. What key words did you use in the Search Strategy palm? Include all attempts and limitations used to refine your search.1.EBSCO host- operatingroom, temperature regulation2.Proquest- Thermoregulation in the operating room3.Google- Thermoregulation in the operating roomReport the number of citations identified from each database in the number of articles found field.1.EBSCOhost- 22.Proquest- 15023.Google- 185,000Select one article from a peer-reviewed nursing ledger published within the last three yearsor a germinal article which may contain an earlier publication go outand go out the citation in APA format. Horosz, B., Malec-Milewska, M. (2013, January). Inadvertent Intraoperative Hypothermia. Anesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 45(1), 38-043. Retrieved from http//web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=64fddb23-3c98-455f-a30a-67ad87d009dc%40sessionmgr115hid=126 Answe r the following questions using your selected research article1 Is this qualitative or quantitative? What is the reading excogitation? What criteria did you use to determine the study design? It is a Quantitative. In the research there are be that indicate temperature regulation as variables. The study tests the tolerants core body temperature in the operating room when they are under anesthesia and with controlling the room temperature during surgery. The criteria I used out of this study were to determine the study design was that numbers were used in this study. The research was using a relationship between variables, the temperature of men vs. women and also the fourth dimension that the person was in the operating room in and under sedation. There was documentation done in a drop of core temperature the longer the person was sedated and in the operating room.2 How did you confirm that the journal you selected was peer-reviewed or germinal?I determined that the journal arti cle was peer-reviewed because I selectedpeer-reviewed form the EBSCO host database and it came from a credited web base. In the publication it also states that it is peer-reviewed.3 Does this research article generate have got for evidence-based practice? If not, state why it does not. Please review the critical appraisal guideline on pg. 466-480. It does provide evidence based research, In the article it describes ways of warming to prevent hypothermia in the operating room all based on research to keeping patients with warm fluids and warm blankets and monitoring the core temperature of the patient while they are sedated.

The Atomic Bomb Essay Example for Free

The Atomic Bomb EssayIn 1939 World fight II broke out in Europe. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was by then the President of the coupled States of America. Because of their previous externalise in World War I, isolationist ideas had led to the approval of disinterest Acts in American Congress. These Neutrality Acts were laws which prohibited American citizens from selling military equipment or lending money to any country at contendfare. As for non-military supplies, they could only be sold to warring countries if they paid cash for them and took care of their transportation. lacquer had turned into Germans strongest coadjutor and their power frightened America, sandwiched between the two countries. Because of this, Roosevelt succeeded in persuading Americans to send both non-military goods and military equipment either to Britain or to any country whose defence he considered necessary to the safety of the USA. In July 1941 the USA stopped either shipments of oil to Japan hop ing to weaken the Japanese who imported 80 per cent of their oil from America.On declination 7, 1941 Japan bombed the American Pacific battle fleet in Pearl Harbor. The fleet was totally dishonored and over 2,000 men were killed. Japan aimed at seizing the Southeast Asia oil and this attack took place to prevent Americans from stopping them. Therefore, on December 8, 1941, the United States declare war on Japan and, since Japan was Hitlers ally, Hitler declared war on the US. The United States was now fighting on the side of Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies) against Germany and Japan (the Axis).America entered the war to win it. To achieve this goal, some measures had to be taken First of all, the American presidency implemented a complete reorganization of American economy. Factories started producing tanks, bombers and other war supplies instead of cars and washing machines. issue and prices were seriously controlled and income taxes were introduced. To gain the war, m ore powerful weapons were needed. Thus, scientists started working on a top-secret research scheme, code-named the Manhattan Project.As the White House press release on Hiroshima states, this project was carried on in the United States with British withstandment since the USA territories were out of reach of enemy bombing. The director of the laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, where this project developed, was J. Robert Oppenheimer. The aim of the project was to make a nuclear weapon, the atomic bomb, and as soon as possible. First, because the Germans were already working on it, and secondly because it seemed the only means to stop Hitler and the Japanese from destroying the free world, to end the war quickly and to save many human lives.On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt died and Harry Truman, his vice-president, took over as President of The United States. On July 16, 1945, an atomic bomb was tested in the New Mexico desert. On howling(a) 6, 1945 an America bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima (a military base in the words of H. Truman). On August 9, 1945, a second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. On August 14, 1945, the Japanese surrender entrust an end to World War II.Was Harry Trumans decision to drop the bomb, the most destructive weapon forever seen, aright decision? Some people say yes, others answer is no. Even the scientists involved didnt agree about the issue. Most really hoped that the mere possession of such a weapon could be replete to frighten the enemy and stop the war. Before its use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a group of them clearly showed their dissension signing petitions and warning both of the bombs unusual destructive force and of the radioactive fallout which followed the bomb test. later on the damage to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, different opinions could still be heard We were afraid that Hitler had the bomb first, and we made this bomb, which shortened the war and saved a lot o f American and Japanese lives in the Japanese war (Victor Weiskopf, physicist). If I had know that the Germans would not succeed in constructing the atomic bomb, I would have never lifted a finger (Albert Einstein, physicist). I think it was necessary to drop one, but the second one could have easily been avoided. I think Japan would have capitulated anyway (Hans Bethe, physicist).

War And Peace Essay Example for Free

War And Peace EssayThis paper go a route talk about war and leave behind examine whether war is a natural condition and is inevitable or whether war is just an instauration of spellkind and can be avoided if so desired. The paper will also discuss the consequences of war and approximately of the factors which trigger and initiate confrontation. Margargont Meade defines war or warfare as a recognized conflict surrounded by two groups as groups, in which each group puts an army (even if the army is only fifteen pygmies) into the content to fight and kill, if possible, some of the members of the army of the other group. (Meade, Margaret) Man has been addicted to war for centuries. In ancient times, cosmos did non even need a very strong reason to go to war. He was apply to hunting tribes, killing men and women and looting villages. Strength was perceived to be equivalent to the number of lands bingle could conquer or the number of people unity could kill. Men killed in cold blood and considered this way of living to be exciting and glorious. (James, William) This attitude has changed to a large extent in the modern world. atomic number 53 cant just go out and kill.At least in principle earth cannot kill or loot or damage another human being. According to William James, war is permissible only when forced upon one, only when an enemys injustice leaves us no alternative. Nevertheless, the senseless wars and destruction we see tout ensemble close to us today indicates that mans thirst and fascination for war and bloodshed has not decreased precisely is simply manifested differently. In other words, modern man inherits all the innate aggressiveness and all the love of glory of its ancestors.No wonder man has engaged in so umpteen senseless and irrational wars bringing pain and horror to hundreds and thousands of people. (James, William) Man has been a constant supporter of war. This is unmixed from the numerous conflicts prevalent all aroun d the world. From solid ground War I and II to the Korean War, Vietnam, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Columbia, westbound Bank and Gaza, Sudan, Yemen, Algeria, Gulf, Turkey, Bosnia, Kosovo, Sarajevo and so on, thousands of people are engaged in combat all across the bollock and jillions are being killed and injured.If one only looks at the fatalities during the 1990s, one would see that there are more or less 2 one thousand million people dead in Afghanistan, 1. 5 million dead in Sudan, around 800,000 dead in Rwanda, half a million dead in Angola, quarter of a million dead in Bosnia, 200,000 dead in Guatemala 150,000 dead in Liberia a quarter of a million dead in Burundi and 75,000 dead in Algeria. There are hundreds and thousands of people dying in conflicts between Israel and Palestine, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Columbia, Chechnya, Sri Lanka, Kosovo, Ireland, Turkey and not to forget the Persian Gulf.According to statistics, nearly 62 million civilians pay back died in the wars of the twentieth century. This is nearly 20 million more than the number of military personnel that abide been killed during the same time period. According to Will Durant, a historian, there take been only twenty 9 years in all of human history during which a war was not underway somewhere. (Hedges, Chris). Since kinfolk 11, a new type of war has begun triggered by attacks on America when New Yorks World Trade Center was destroyed by two passenger planes being flown into them.Pentagon was also attacked and it is believed that a like attack had been planned for the White House but did not materialize. This started the War against Terrorism with the United States pickings the Taliban head-on and attacking Afghanistan in search of Osama Bin Laden. A similar war was initiated against Iraq accused of carrying weapons of hole destruction. Saddam Hussein was removed as the head of the state, put on trial and executed for his respective(a) crimes against humanity. However, the war agains t terror appears to be never ending.Although m whatever would agree with the cause of this war, the immense destruction and dying that has been observed depicts the senselessness of taking on such a conflict. There are extremists at two ends Islamic fundamentalists on one side and aggressive leaders on the other. There is no bank for either resolution if both parties refuse to listen to each other and refuse to make any efforts to attain peace. It becomes apparent from the never ending bloodshed in Afghanistan and Iraq that man is indeed thirsty for bloodshed otherwise there is simply no reason why such a battle would termination this long.No one is winning and there seems to be no conclusion in sight. The theory that because man is a war animal and has been so for centuries is no excuse for the destruction of so many countries and the destruction of so many soldiers and innocent civilians. In fact there are many societies and people who have never undertaken any conflicts i n their lives. These include the Eskimos and the Lepchas of Sikkim. None of these people understand the concept of warfare. Lepchas are cushy and un-quarrelsome people while Eskimos, though not mild, see no necessity of going to war for any reason whatsoever.It may be argued that Eskimos do not possess any land or any assets to have any reason to wage war. That may be true but the fact mollify remains that the theory than man is biologically designed to wage war appears to be untrue if one looks at certain groups of people that have survived for centuries without waging any war. Thus, war is actually an invention by man and even civilized or mild people may go to war if they are informed of this invention. However, those who do not know of war will simply not go to war because they are not yet aware of the invention.They may be violent or civilized war will never be an option for them. According to Margaret Meade, people who do not know of dueling will not fight duels, even thou gh their wives are seduced and their daughters ravished they may on occasion commit murder but they will not fight duels. Cultures which lack the idea of the vendetta will not meet all quarrel in this way. (Meade, Margaret) Thus, war is not a necessity but an invention. War can be avoided if human beings see the absolute absurdity of the whole exercise. There is never any positive solvent of war.One party always ends up losing and there is no one to judge whether the side which emerges successful is the one in the right. War is the worst possible activity mankind can engage in and human beings should collectively work towards outlining alternatives other than war to resolve conflicts.Works CitedJames, Williams. The Moral Equivalent of War. From The beat out American Essays of the Century, Joyce Carol Gates, ed. , and Robert Atwan, coed. 2000, 45-49, 52-55. Meade, Margaret. Warfare An InventionNot a Biological Necessity. Asia. 1940. Hedges, Chris. War Is a vehemence That Gives Us Meaning. Anchor, 2005.

Physicians Clash over Medical Ethics in Death Penalty Cases Essay Example for Free

Physicians Clash over Medical Ethics in death Penalty Cases EssayThe news clipping is mainly ab step up the predicament doctors face. They are trained to spare people. They did non choose their profession to punish law-violating citizens. Specifically, this topic has been given hype by Dr. Marc Stern who go away on his job of being the head doctor in the state of Washingtons prison whose responsibilities included maintaining the lethal injection table in order for the next death blame. In the previous(prenominal) several years, according to the article, medical ethics and death penalty has clashed. there are a play of instances in the past where doctors bailed out of the execution causing delay in the death penalty plate in point Michael Morales. The article also stated that the problem does not stop here. This ethical dilemma against passkey participation needs careful and further study. Capital penalisation and justice would be concentrated to serve if all doctors are concerned about ethics. Experts went as far as predicting capital punishment could end because of this ethical issues. Ethical dilemma The whole article is about ethical dilemma.Doctors do not want to continue participating in capital punishment (overseeing death penalties) as this poses ethical issues for them. intimately of them be die the punishment is cruel and unusual. Also, doctors are trained to save lives and not to end it. Personal thoughts on the matter I understand that being an object to end another persons life when matchless is trained to help save it could have severe impact on ones conscience. The gay world has become civilized enough over the course of history to preserve one another.It is evening more emphasized in a doctors profession where preservation of mankind has been his elect field and career. However, if all doctors feel this way, I privy see the nation revolting. Without a trained professional in the death sentence chamber, there is no way an ex ecution will happen. I can foresee various forms of protests because somehow, justice mustiness be served according to the laws of the state. The person in death sentence was found guilty of an offense that demerits him his life. The family and friends of his victim/s have turned into the law for support to the impairment done to them.The law cannot fail these people because doctors cannot do their state-given responsibilities. There must be some doctors out there that are willing to do the job. I am not saying that the state must find conscienceless professional so that the death penalty can still be observed. There must be some doctors in the field that understand their moral obligations and their obligations to the state. Like it or not, the criminal prosecution must be finished. They cannot let the convicted criminal die in the hands of non-professionals nor can they let the families and friends of the victims live in injustice.

Whats Your Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Whats Your Philosophy EssayUpon the completion of the performance help oneself What is Your Philosophy? the ending tops were loving philosopher. A amicable philosopher gains interest in studying the order of magnitude and hostels institutions, including what would make up an ideal golf-club. Social philosophers dwell upon headways, a great deal(prenominal) as how should society break down goals, and do people have natural rights. Social philosophers possess three main key contributors, including doubting Thomas Hobbs, John Rawls, and Jean Jacques Rousseau. This journal entry testament look in-depth at major school of thought inquiries and approaches. How philosophic system and culture interact in the development and thought. Finally conclude with a more in-depth analysis of the social philosopher and how it best describes myself, and cultural factors that influence the decision. Metaphysics, epistemology, example, social, political, structuralism, deconstruction, eastern, postcolonial, and feminism are the major philosophical areas of inquiry. Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, looking into the descent between mind and body, substance, accidents, events, and causation.With metaphysics the principle issues are what the nature of reality is, and does God exist. Epistemology is the study of nature and oscilloscope of knowledge, and whether it is possible or not. These types of philosophys principle issues are what knowledge is and what can be known. The moral branch of philosophy questions the best way to live, and concerning the questions nearly social behavior. Questions similar to what is moral judgment and what is virtuously right or wrong are popular in this philosophical branch.Social philosophy studies questions regarding social behaviors and also possesses the ability to address group dynamics, and ways that individuals group or act in union. The political philosophy is the study of state and advances to find answers to dete rmine the justifications and ethically proper organizations (Moore Bruder, 2011, p. 13). Political philosophers ask questions, such as what form of political state is best and can a government restrict the license of its citizens. Structuralism focuses on the deep structure of language and how it relates to society.Deconstruction is a philosophical movement, and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth. Deconstruction asserts that words can only refer to different words, and attempts to render how statements subvert its own meaning (Mifflin, 2009). Eastern philosophy studies how humans reach self-realization and live in harmony with the earth. Postcolonial philosophy studies how to achieve social justice and how to preserve oral history and tradition be for future generations.Feminism is the study of how men and women can enjoy equal rights. Feminism also studies how other schools of philosophy incorporate the femin ist perspective. The interaction between philosophy and culture is that philosophy desires and seeks knowledge, and culture is the result of knowledge. Knowledge is a sequence of words containing meanings. The codes increase and develop into more possibilities and meanings. The brain obtains the capability of thought these codes in the form of thoughts.The brains actions are permanent and during the time the individual is living has conscious thought. While individuals call about his or her thoughts or subconscious thinking individuals are performing actions with the world. Every individuals culture assists in the nurturing of his or her thought process. Comparably, when individuals comes in contact with any philosophy, he or she will compare the philosophy ideas with their internal thoughts from the experiences. Social philosopher is the ending result of the performance aid.Social philosophers run low fascinated with studying the society and institutions within the society. The performance aid was accurate in the findings, society, and individuals who compile to make society up fascinate me. The constant wondering of why individuals act, and do things the way they do is a question that individuals may never get the complete answer to. The compilation of life experiences gave myself the social philosopher characteristics. While outgrowth up in a single parent home with the other parent lacking the competition and drive to do what his responsibility was.As a child sitting back and studying the actions of the off parent and listening to thought and comments being said drew the attention to many questions. The knowledge that society has made drastic changes in the way individuals act and actions they take, it is no wonder why one would become curious why society went downhill. What made individuals who reside in society change so much and lack the ability to do the right things. This weeks exercise gave insight to many thoughts and questions about myself th at was not visible before.Gaining the understanding of how philosophy plays a role in the way an individual lives, interacts, and makes decisions. flavor further into the different philosophys and approaches proves there are many outlooks on different topics. How philosophy and culture interact in the development and thought. Finally, a closer look at the type of philosophical thoughts and reflections and what cultural factors influence this type of philosophy. As many individuals say as individuals gain knowledge, philosophies will change.

The Impact Of Living With Chronic Illness Social Work Essay

The Impact Of Living With Chronic Illness Social change by reversal EssayFamilies and privates hand to overcome new challenges due to impairment and chronic biliousness. Families deem suffer pecuniary burden associate to providing health facilities, gentility and buying appropriate equipment for the incapacitate or chronically ill member of the family. Some clocks house needs to modified to accommodate the needs of affected individual. roughlytimes families and affected individuals get financial help from social services but acquiring the whole force and paper wrench done puts an extra burden while caring for the affected family member. Sometimes the office staff is to a greater extent than worse when affected families and individuals suffer because they argon unawargon of the facilities and help they plunder get from brass institutesStressCaring for the affected member of the family on casual basis puts family members under constant stock, anxiety, and imprint an d excessively somatogenetic fatigue. Family members and the affected individual become un legitimate slightly the future.The affected individual also suffers from the frustration of disability and losing involvement.GenderDisability affects family members differently- female family members tend to be more considerate and accessible towards the affected mortal while male family members tend to provide financial support. Most families who argon responsible for the deal kayoed of handicapped/chronically ill members of the family address in this division of labour according to gender an soft way to manage and cope with challenges.Gender also affects dis adequated individual- female and male individual verbalize different attitudes towards physical disability or chronic illness/pain. Women do not feel pleasant outside their home plate anf find it dangerous while men tend to adapt to their reduced function and free tend to be as functional as is possible. Disabled female s tend to be more dependent on family and friends comp bed to disabled males.RelationshipsOften relatioships change their meanings within the family responsible to fearfulness for a disabled member. The psyche who is mainly responsible for the care/ entertainment/ diet and necessities of the disabled person tends to take more important position in the family and the rest of the family becomes less involved in decision making. If a perplex is more involved in the care of a disabled baby bird this can behave to gravel existence less involved in the care responsibilities and tend to indulge himself more in work or activities outside home- this can or sotimes lead to conflicts within the families with one member feeling overburdened. lifestyleMost of the re man-made lakes (money, time etc) of a family with a disabled member are spent in the care of the disabled leading to an overall lower quality of life. Families have to give up entertainment plans such(prenominal) as holiday s due to lack of resources, facilities and extra responsibility of care.Friends, neighbors, and mess in the community whitethorn oppose negatively to the disability by avoidance, disparaging remarks or looks, or overt efforts to exclude people with disabilities and their families. in spite of the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, many communities still lack programs, facilities, and resources that allow for the full cellular inclusion of persons with disabilities. Families a good deal account statement that the person with the disability is not a study burden for them. The burden comes from dealing with people in the community whose attitudes and behaviors are judgmental, stigmatizing, and rejecting of the disabled individual and his or her family (Knoll 1992 Turnbull et al. 1993). Family members report that these negative attitudes and behaviors practically are characteristic of their friends, relatives, and service providers as well as strangers (Patte rson and Leonard 1994).Social stigmaFamilies with disabled member and disabled individual themselves feel isolated from the society. Friends, neighbours and some early(a) family might not play their supportive role in effectOverall, stress from these added demands of disability in family life can negatively affect the health and functioning of family members (Patterson 1988 Varni and Wallander 1988). legion(predicate) studies report that there is all increased lay on the line of psychological and behavioral symptoms in the family members of persons with disabilities (Cadman et al. 1987 utterer and Powers 1993 Vance, Fazan, and Satterwhite 1980). However, nonetheless though disability increases the venture for these problems, most adults and children who have a member with a disability do not show psychological or behavioral problems. They have found ways to cope with this added stress in their lives. Increasingly, the literature on families and disabilities emphasizes this ad aptive capacity of families. It has been called family resilience (Patterson 1991b Singer and Powers 1993 Turnbull et al. 1993). Many families actually report that the presence of disability has strengthened them as a family-they become closer, more accepting of others, have deeper faith, honor new friends, develop greater respect for life, improve their sense of mastery, and so on.While there are many commonalities regarding the impact of disabilities on families, other factors lead to variant in the impact of disability on the family. Included in these factors are the type of disability, which member of the family gets the disability, and the age of onset of the disability.Disabilities vary along several(prenominal) dimensions, including the degree and type of incapacitation (sensory, motor, or cognitive) the degree of visibility of the disability whether the course of the condition is constant, relapsing, or reformist the prognosis or life expectancy of the person the amount o f pain or other symptoms experient and the amount of care or treatment required. John Rolland (1994) has outlined a typology of chronic conditions based on some of these factors and has described the psychosocial impact on families based on these factors. His argument, and that of several others (Perrin et al. 1993 Stein et al. 1993), is that the variability in the psychosocial impact of chronic conditions is related more to characteristics of the condition than to the diagnosis per se.Consider the course of the condition. When it is progressive (such as degenerative arthritis or dementia), the symptomatic person whitethorn become change magnitudely less functional. The family is faced with increasing caretaking demands, uncertainty about the degree of dependency and what living arrangement is best, as well as sorrow continuous loss. These families need to read proficient continuously to the increasing strain and must be willing to find and utilize outside resources. If a condi tion has a relapsing course (such as epilepsy or crab louse in remission), the ongoing care may be less, but a family needs to be able to reorganize itself quickly and mobilize resources when the condition flares up. They must be able to move from normalcy to crisis mobile rapidly. An accumulation of these dramatic transitions can exhaust a family. Disabilities with a constant course (such as a spinal cord injury) require major reorganisation of the family at the outset and then perseverance and stamina for a long time. While these families can plan, k straightawaying what is ahead, limited community resources to help them may lead to exhaustion.Disabilities where mental ability is limited seem to be more fractious for families to cope with (Breslau 1993 Cole and Reiss 1993 Holroyd and Guthrie 1986). This may be due to greater dependency requiring more vigilance by family members, or because it limits the persons ability to take on responsible roles, and perhaps limits the poss ibilities for free living. If the mental impairment is severe, it may create an extra harming of strain for families because the person is physically present in the family but mentally absent. This kind of incongruence between physical presence and psychological presence has been called boundary ambiguity (Boss 1993). Boundary ambiguity means that it is not merely clear to family members whether the person (with the disability in this case) is part of the family or not because the person is there in some ways but not in others. Generally, families experience more distress when situations are dubious or unclear because they do not know what to expect and may have a harder time planning the roles of other family members to accommodate this uncertainty.In addition to cognitive impairment, other characteristics of disabilities can create ambiguity and uncertainty for families. For example, an uncertain life expectancy makes it difficult to plan future life roles, to anticipate be of care, or to make decisions about the best living arrangements for adults requiring assistance in the activities of periodic living. For example, from 1970 to 1991, survival for children with cystic fibrosis increased 700 percent, to a life expectancy of twenty-six years in the United States (Fitzsimmons 1991). These girlish adults now face difficult family decisions, such as whether to marry and whether to have children. In more extreme cases related to severe health check conditions, persons may have their lives extended by using advances in biomedical acquaintance and technology. When this happens, families can be faced with very difficult decisions about what techniques and equipment should be used, for how long, with what expected gains, at what cost, and so on. Society is lining new issues in biomedical ethics, but there is no social consensus about how aggressively to intervene and under what circumstances. Family members who bear the emotional burden of these decision s do not always concur on a course of action and, furthermore, may be blocked by hospitals and courts from carrying out a particular course of action. While these kinds of cases may not yet be widespread, they have sparked intense palisade and raised the consciousness of many families about issues they may face.In addition to type of impairment, there is variability in the severity of impairment. The degree to which a person with disability is limited in doing activities or functions of daily living (e.g., walking, feeding oneself, and toileting) can be assessed and is called functional status. The lower the persons functional status, the more assistance he or she will need from other people and/or from equipment and devices. Family members are a primary source of this needed assistance (Biegel, Sales, and Schulz 1991 Stone and Kemper 1989). Providing this assistance can create a burden for family caregivers, which may issuing in physical or psychological symptoms of poor health. For example, parents, especially mothers, experience more depression when their children with disabilities have lower functional status (Patterson, Leonard, and Titus 1992 Singer et al. 1993). For elderly caregivers, physical strain may be a limiting factor in how much and for how long assistance can be provided for the disabled individual (Blackburn 1988).The age of the person when the disability emerges is associated with different impacts on the family and on the familys life course, as well as on the course of exploitation for the person with disability (Eisenberg, Sutkin, and Jansen 1984). When conditions emerge in late adulthood, in some ways this is normative and more expectable. Psychologically it is ordinarily less disruptive to the family. When disability occurs earlier in a persons life, this is out of phase with what is considered normative, and the impact on the course of development for the person and the family is greater. More adjustments have to be made and for l onger periods of time.When the condition is present from birth, the childs life and identity operator are shaped rough the disability. In some ways it may be easier for a child and his or her family to adjust to neer having certain functional abilities than to a sudden loss of abilities later. For example, a child with spina bifida from birth will adapt differently than a child who suddenly becomes a paraplegic in adolescence due to an injury.The age of the parents when a childs disability is diagnosed is also an important consideration in how the family responds. For example, teenage parents are at greater risk for experiencing poor adaptation because their own developmental needs are still prominent, and they are less presumable to have the maturity and resources to cope with the added demands of the child. For darkeneder parents there is greater risk of having a child with certain disabilities, such as Down syndrome. Older parents may lack the stamina for the extra burden of care required, and they may fear their own mortality and be concerned about who will care for their child when they die.The course of the childs physical, psychological, and social development will forever be altered by the chronic condition. Since development proceeds sequentially, and since relative success at mastering the tasks of one stage is a prerequisite for facing the challenges of the next stage, one could anticipate that the earlier the onset, the greater the adverse impact on development (Eisenberg, Sutkin, and Jansen 1984). at that place are many ways in which the accomplishment of development tasks is complicated for persons with disabilities. This, in turn, has an effect on their families as well as on which family roles can be assumed by the person with disability (Perrin and Gerrity 1984). For example, in infancy, disability may frighten parents, or the infant may be unresponsive to their nurturing efforts such that attachment and bonding necessary for the developm ent of trust are compromised. The parent may feel unequal as a caregiver, and parenting competence is undermined. For a toddler, active exploration of the social environment, needed to develop a sense of self-sufficiency and self-control, may be restricted because of the childs motor, sensory, or cognitive deficits. Parents, fearing injury or more damage to their young child, may restrict their childs efforts to explore and learn, or they may overindulge the child out of sympathy or guilt. If other people react negatively to the childs disability, parents may try to compensate by being overly protective or overly solicitous. These parent behaviors further compromise the childs development of autonomy and self-control.As children with disabilities move into school environments where they interact with teachers and peers, they may experience difficulties mastering tasks and developing social skills and competencies. Although schools are mandated to provide special education programs for children in the least restrictive environment and to maximize integration, there is still considerable variability in how effectively schools do this. Barriers include inadequate financing for special education inadequately trained school personnel and, very often, attitudinal barriers of other children and staff that compromise full inclusion for students with disabilities. Parents of children with disabilities may experience a whole set of added challenges in assuring their childrens educational rights. In some instances, conflict with schools and other service providers can become a major source of strain for families (Walker and Singer 1993). In other cases, school programs are a major resource for families.Developmental tasks of adolescence- developing an identity and developing greater autonomy-are particularly difficult when the adolescent has a disability. Part of this process for most adolescents broadly speaking involves some risk-taking behaviors, such as smoking an d drinking. Adolescents with disabilities take risks too, sometimes defying treatment and procedures related to their condition, such as skipping medications or changing a prescribed diet. Issues related to internality may be particularly difficult because the person with disability has fears about his or her desirability to a partner, sexual dressance, and worries about ever getting married or having children (Coupey and Cohen 1984). There is some evidence that girls may be at greater risk for pregnancy because of their desire to disavow their disability and prove their normalcy (Holmes 1986). Teens with mental impairment may be subjected to sexual exploitation by others.When disability has its onset in young adulthood, the persons personal, family, and vocational plans for the future may be altered fundamentally. If the young adult has a partner where there is a long-term commitment, this alliance may be in jeopardy, particularly if the ability to enact adult roles as a sexual partner, parent, financial provider, or leisure partner are affected (Ireys and Burr 1984). When a couple has just begun to plan a future based on the assumption that both partners would be fully functional, they may find the adjustment to the disability too great to handle. The development of a relationship with a significant otherafterthe disability is already present is more likely to lead to positive adjustment. materialisation adulthood is that critical transition from ones family of origin to creating a new family unit with a partner and peradventure children. When disability occurs at this stage, the young adults parents may become the primary caregivers, encouraging or bringing the young person home again. The risk is that the developmental course for the young adult and his or her parents may neer get back on track. This is influenced in part by the extent to which there are independent living options for persons with disabilities to make use of in the community.When th e onset of disability occurs to adults in their middle years, it is often associated with major disruption to career and family roles. Those roles are affected for the person with the disability as well as for other family members who have come to depend on him or her to fulfill those roles. Some kind of family reorganization of roles, rules, and routines is usually required. If the person has been employed, he or she may have to give up work and career only when or perhaps make dramatic changes in amount and type of work. The family may face a major loss of income as well as a loss in health and other employee benefits. If the person is a parent, childrearing responsibilities may be altered significantly. The adult may have to switch from being the nurturer to being the nurtured. This may leave a major void in the family for someone to fill the nurturing role. If the person is a spouse, the dynamics of this relationship will change as one person is unable to perform as independent ly as before. The partner with the disability may be treated like other child. The sexual relationship may change, plans for having more children may be abandoned, lifestyle and leisure may be altered. Some spouses feel that their marital contract has been violated, and they are unwilling to make the necessary adjustments. Children of a middle-aged adult with a disability also experience role shifts. Their own dependency and nurturing needs may be neglected. They may be expected to take on some adult roles, such as caring for younger children, doing household chores, or maybe even providing some income. How well the familys efforts at reorganization work depends ultimately on the familys ability to accommodate age-appropriate developmental needs. In families where there is more tractableness among the adults in assuming the different family roles, adjustment is likely to be better.The onset of disability in old age is more expectable as bodily functions deteriorate. This decline i n physical function is often associated with more depression. An older person may live for many years needing assistance in daily living, and the choices of where to get that assistance are not always easily made. Spouses may be unable to fall in the extra caretaking needs indefinitely as their own health and stamina decline (Blackburn 1988). Adult children are often in a position of deciding where their elderly parent or parents should live when they can no longer care for themselves. Having their parents move in with them or having them move to a nursing home or seniors residence are the most common options. However, each of these choices carries with it emotional, financial, and social costs to the elderly person as well as to his or her adult children. This responsibility for elderly parents is not always shared among adult children. Adult daughters are more likely than adult sons to be involved in providing consider care for their elderly parents (Brody 1985). The many decis ions and responsibilities can be sources of tension, conflict, and resentment among extended family members. This period of disability in old age can go on for a very long time, given the medical capability to sustain life. While the practice is still not widespread, more elderly people are preparing a living will, which is a legal document preventing extraordinary means from being used to affirm their lives.